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forty percent off at rosetta stone, dot com, slats star talk today more grassy, as you say, sea empress eyes,. When you are ready to pop the question. The last thing you want to do a second guess: the ring at blue nile I'd com. You can design a one of a kind ring with the ease and convenience of shopping online too diamond and setting when you find The one you'll get it delivered right to your door. Blue nile, died, com and use promo code welcome to get fifty dollars off your purchase of five hundred dollars or more. That's goad. Welcome at blue nile dad come for fifty dollars off your purchase blue now, I come code. Welcome today's episode do you by they on us when a chance to win a free telescope, then you'll want to keep listening to this episode. Let's start the show And everything is changing moment by more as the shadow was passing over you, you see everything should in changing the just it just an incredible

an amazing sight to see yes but Joe Joe tell us how you run, second welcome to startalk your place in the universe where science and pop culture collide, the startalk begin right now, the star talking to your tyson, the grass decent person guy with me check nice, jackie hey- hey me, always happen so today we return right, eclipses, solar, eclipses, two hours, Look at that! Nobody doesn't love a good solar eclipse and the presses all over them. When they occur oil boy, the date they can get enough of them and in others some interesting history of science behind solar eclipse yeah. I thought I'd tell you about that. Ok, I'm always always down.

So, first eclipses these courses happen every couple years than are rare, spider web newspaper, l yeah, but it will not receive yeah. Ok, people want to think so. happens in the sky and your special cause you're alive to see it and they say that won't repeat for another, ok and it in a couple of years right. but does it will repeat for your location for another five hundred years to get in a car basically all right Nine teen, o five, ok out, would go back. Albert Einstein publishes the general theory of relativity, yes, which allows us to think about space and time in the presence of accelerations are the the original specialty relativity was for constant velocity

changing your speed or direction so the simplified case than the host equations that go with it, but what it needs was the general case support you're, accelerating, I suppose you strong gravitational feel. Today equations help you with that. No, it took, I start another ten years to figure out how to extend the special relatively into the general cake, nineteen fifteen. He publishes the general theory of relativity arrived at. What it said was that the fabric of space and time is warped in the vicinity of strong feel

If the gravity effect is warped in the vicinity of any sorts of gravity, but you only really begin to notice it for strong sources erratic, especially black holes, which weren't discovered yet or invented yet, but in a modern example, that's the extreme case of this going on alright. So what do we have? Oh by the way before this the planet? Mercury, its orbit around the sun was not following newton's laws, something's wrong, our newtons, largely failed or Maybe there's another planet that you can't see. this tugging on it that we're not including in our equations, what why can't you see it? Oh well. Maybe it's just orbiting too close to the sun is always lost in its glare. So astronomers were perfectly content explaining away murky

anomaly by invoking a planet whose gravity was affecting it. We were perfectly happy with that. We even named the planet. We call Vulcan? Oh no is right here right here in our own solar system. We got one right by so doing. tony solar eclipse- this this blotted out by the moon right. If there's a planet orbiting close to the sun, you ought to be able to see it right when you wouldn't otherwise be able to see it under normal conditions. Right, sir, ever since we learn that mercury's orbit was misbehaving. We waited for solar eclipse is to look for the planet open and we never found it well must be behind the sun or maybe exactly in front of that's. Why we're it's rather dodgy bobby dodgy planet. I gotta we

so we were happy to sort it keep making excuses for it. Ok, let's keep going so now I sties general theory of relativity gets published at it predicts that light passing, by the sun will feel the gravity of the sun and its path will be bent as it goes by right. because of the curvature of space and time now I have two things to look for: vulcan falcon, warm weather, we ve been the light around the sun. I should What happened in nineteen fifty sir arthur headings probably the world's first astrophysicist. If you wanted it there was astronomers up until him and after that he'd. My boy had some physics, growing with inside him. I guess he said albert attests. This has done

As such a strong grab he's going to bend. The light was going to test it. So you're gonna use a solar eclipse detested. So you want to take a picture of the star when the sun is nowhere to be found right then wait six months, now. The sun is exactly in the middle of that star field during a total, solar eclipse and now You take an image of all those stars again and see if the positions have shifted his brilliant. It is ok. Well, there's an eclipse in nineteen. Sixteen Did he do the experiment, then, no there's an eclipse and nineteen eighteen did you do that? payment, then know why not sixteen and eighteen because it's like wine. An odd here is whether the truck how soon forget until one called was at war,

that's refers to resources and boats in tools and food the world a war that's right. So what war, one back then the great war as they called it then went out and are wars right right wrongs, the outlined our rights, so he had to wait for the water, and so the next eclipse after that was nineteen. Nineteen was on may twenty nights. Nineteen nineteen he mounted an expedition to observe vehicle. and he does so and he makes the measurement of the positions of the stars and discovers yes, the positions of the stars are have shifted from where you expected them to be. Because they're curving in the presence of the fabric of space time being distorted because of the sun and people said

holy cow. If I stay general theory of relativity is true, then left calculate mercury's orbit, You do that you find out the general relativity What message mercury's orbit you don't need to vulcan evaporated overnight right with a confirmed ice, general theory of wrote to me. So we lose vulcan, we gain the confidence in the general theory of relativity. It's all because of Sir arthur Beddington brilliant physicists. I think so cambridge cambridge england at universal cambridge and he's the one who said before I knew anything about thermonuclear fusion, the one who said when people ask them what we do we get to heavy elements, so maybe they happen in the centre stars what we do is hot enough in the centres of stars any said, maybe so, but

This gonna happen anywhere in the universe, that's what I mean. Let's listen, no disrespect to sir eddington, okay. Ok, it's not our hard stretched make a mean. Good week we calculated the temperature of the centres of stars right and it was not hot enough to defuse you know we needed. We need a quantum physics cry which, the decade to follow the nineteen twenties by the way chuck. We are being in the sentinel decade since, and you'll decade of a watershed decade. In the history of physics, the nineteen twenties were quantum physics was developed. Where hobbled disguise, that the milky way is not alone in the universe. There are other galaxies and humble discovered tat. The universe is expanding right all that happened in the night genes warnings put it out there that an appointed. Rank in an parting.

the roaring of wanting twenties. Ok, not everybody was roaring. You know at the species right so does the disputed. The background physics on that particular is for that reason is the most famous eclipsed in physics, right here, the nineteen nineteen super cool, yeah yeah. So right, that's. Why not tell you that's amazing! so chuck. You noticed that there was an eclipse in nineteen, sixteen and nineteen eighteen. and he got the one in nineteen nineteen right so, like I said, eclipses aren't rare, not rare that are behind those converse guy, I'm illogically. It's a bus schedule like let us make are you crazy, was crazy, Okay, we missed Now

I don't there's another one. Come manual, there's another one good to work schedule, so we courting bits of this. Coming on to the beginning of october, the next eclipses october fourteenth look at look at that, cuba's your schedule. After that, you look at it right now we're getting right now. I did it. Ok next one april: oh ok! for twenty years, notes or around you also look at yes, yes, so we could we got, we got eclipses coming and going in Well, I know a thing or two about eclipses. I have a friend and colleague who knows more about eclipses than perhaps anyone else in the world? Ok, the! How do you get to that list? I think he may be the

person of all living people on earth who has seen more eclipses than anyone else. That is, I'm wondering if anyone he has attempted to quantify that record. Yeah, that's awaited what had so up how many minutes in the moon shadow, you have lived. I remember I dont his book I guess there is a minute idle minutes in the shadow of the moon ooh, that's an array of minutes in the shadow of the moon. That will tell him that when he, when we bring them on yeah right so arm, yet so he's a friend and his name is Joe rail he's a meteorologists visa associate at the hidden planetarium at the american museum of natural history. And many others he actually delivered the the whether it was like You ve, whether man for multiple places in the region, but a news, were in one island and I think in westchester, when so

by the way, when you're in astronomy also have to be really good at knowing the weather. Yes, because Much is whether it will reign its whether or not there are Cloud right we care of their clouds right where'd. You can still hold your picnic under the clouds right. So are our standards for the weather that we need are much higher than that of. Basically everybody else. Right. I'd put that out there there so that so there it is,

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sounds like a lot and for many people it is, and it would mean that we would have put me at the very top of the list. Fifty years ago but I must tell you kneel that now in the year twenty twenty three, I'm just piker. There are some folks out there who have travelled a twenty five, thirty, even thirty five, will eclipses clips I'm way way behind the head of the pack, but still I've seen a decent number and I've experienced totality enough for that as well. I always told people were used, the very first one watch out because you re become addicted you wanna go see another one life. I've done that I've I've. Seen again more than my picture, a cheat and go on. Do you remember used to have the ss teeth, the supersonic transport there would chase the the the shadow and you'd be like in the shadow for an hour or something back when the ssc was running would do we have enough to do one of those. Now Fortunately, where I have been on aircraft which we have attempted to

raise the shadow you put real because we never really did. We were able to extend the time of the total eclipse by a little bit. The concord didn't I raised the shadow of the moon back and nineteen. Seventy three and stayed in the shadow warning edibles seventy three minute long over africa, but of course. Now we don't have the common work anymore and I am not sure whether not any supersonic ports are being developed so that we could do that again some time down the road. But seventy three minutes- that's that's! That's one along its virtual reality. Who could pay them? ass. I was well so? Just to put some numeric on this. the moon shadow correctly from if Joe is what's dragging across earth's surface. But earth is also rotating in that same direction, so the speed of the shadow and speed of the shadow on the turning earth.

I we get. Those numbers makes its about eight hundred miles an hour or something that feel about rights. You well the The moon and shadow are moving through space it about its diameter about twenty one hundred miles an hour and you're right when we're have that moves shadow interact with the turning earth right around the equator where the the earth can keep up with the shadows at the equator. The earth is turning it, a thousand miles per hour, or so the longest total eclipse ones at last. Five. Six seven minutes were more, though, the ones that occur near the trouble as you were, have eclipses that occur further north up in the temperate latitudes were the polar regions the eclipses tend to be. What a because the of earth just doesn't move fast enough to keep in touch with you, in the same path is here as the shadow of the bone. patient at new york. We're going I'd, be having this conversation in new york city, and our latitude we're going feasible eight hundred miles an hour so that you would say

take that away from the moon, speed and I'll be the effective of the moon shadow as it crossed over my head, it's that the calculation you would do right absent the correct the louvre: spherical geometry coming into play here, but at the latitude of new york there was once a back in the eighteen hundreds at eighteen, o six, there was a total so the sun had passed over sense. The your passed over coopers down by the way the baseball Hollis. tat the love of the united states and that eclipse lasted about five minutes. That's it as long as you could hope for at these attitudes at the latitude in new york, forty or forty, degrees. North is a five minute eclipse, as opposed to be down near the tropical way, is near the equator, where you can have as long seven and a half minute, total, solar and wind. In fact, I'm the longest cliff eclipse ever saw was the nineteen seventy three the clips, and I saw it on board. This has canberra at

see, which was a very good place to because you can say, oh is be cloudy where we originally targeted turn on the edges. Let's go somewhere else, but if you pitched head on the ground and overcast goes over you kind of stock, we did you see the making? So me three eclipse, believe it or not. I was not the totality path. I was in the dream of being a liar. I had I saw a partial eclipse, but I did not get a view of the total eclipse of the sun but you were in sprang up, so you it You know what kind of we're lost their bows desire balances out now, by the way, are the wave of it in a twenty twenty six, a few years from now, a total eclipse of the sun we'll be passing over spain, said I'll, be a good place to see that that totality. I did think of it. This way I was about. the fifty two or fifty three years to earth

when I went to spain and so for that. Ninety you, seventy three eclipse I was. We were close enough to the equator for this effect to matter joe and my eye. So six minutes nineteen seconds of the and which was less than had? I gone further closer to the equator along its pat, deepen to africa, where the guy thinks seven minutes and twenty seconds. Like that without. Why was I, finished a roll of film in my camera region? removed it and reloaded and finished a second roller film? Well, back when film was a thing the youngest idea. Just I was about say what look now Does this so gentle Is there some other two different kinds of eclipses? Tell me about? Well, we know a total eclipse. The moon completely blocked the sun, but then you know in october twenty twenty three there's an answer:

larry clips and nobody knows what these are. Could you just tell people what it is for us all? An annual are not an annual eclipse, annual there is from the greek ring shaped and that's exact what the sun is going to morphine into at the middle part of the eclipse? It's kind of like up on a nickel effect. Where do you think of the sun as the nickel and the moon is a penny? The moon on october for tee the saturday by the way is going to be just a little bit too far from the earth for it to completely cut. the disk of the sun, and so when they lined the bull is exactly aligned with the sun. You will see a ring of sunlight shining on the silhouette of the moon and that's interesting. In fact, it's rather unique if you ve never seen one before, but it pale it really. Does it tales in comparison to seeing a total eclipse, because during total eclipse when you knock out, the sun light. It is really

comparing an annual or to a total eclipse, is like comparing night today? It is that different, so the angular eclipses, the EU is key mood lighting candidates. It lets dimly lighted. Maybe we have put on berry whiter than the soft music and you are absolutely right, job, just sort of sorts technically a partial eclipse died. I call I call angular eclipses, you know unique part, eclipses it it is it is. It is a partial eclipse. It's nothing else, because you're still gonna have a portion of the sun visible. And by the way, during the key phase, when We have that ring in the sky. You can't but the ring, unless you have either Those special eclipse, glasses or welders. Glocester you can reject. Image of the sun, because it's dangerous is still the same.

are looking at absolutely, whereas in a total eclipse in the time the sun is totally covered, there is no sun there you remove the the the eye protection and there it is re, absolutely so job. You know we got questions from our patriotic supporters. and I will go to those. They knew that you will come in on a new about your expertise and so a chop gathered them. Somebody have forrester, Alice go it hi, our hi, Joe hijack, I'm stephen asking from new york hi. Oh, what is the most interesting thing you know about. The is mine is the fact that we exist in a timeline that a close can occur I appreciate it and thanks to all of you for all you do love that a so. What's your most interesting eclipse? Well, you know Are you when you seem thirteen of them each one, and so they kind of For me, there are kind of like snowflakes. No public

is alike or similar to any other them dramatic eclipse, I think so, he was one. I saw a nineteen, seventy nine in montana. Where are we the shadow of the moon two to three minutes before totality look like a tidal wave of darkness and believe me, if you were never aid or experience the total eclipse before and all of a sudden, you looking toward the way sky and you're. Looking at what appears to be I'm lapse of a severe thunderstorm overs. You know maybe too Thirty minutes you see the sky gradually darken as a thunderstorm just but imagine how squeezing that into a timeline of just a couple of minutes, the darkness, just charging towards you and really is nothing that you could do about it. You can't ah, but obviously, and here the shadow which suddenly just engulf she would like throwing a gigantic blanket over your head, really in the final thirty seconds before totality its kind like you know, you without dimmer switch, all of a sudden,

skies dimming and all of a sudden. You begin to see the planet's pop out into the writer stars popping out and when that last little bit of the sun disappears and, of course, the who does a rugged surface, and so just before totality You see these little bead circle, baileys beads and an one final solitaire of light, if you will, and with the corona of the sun, guinea to appear it looks like a diamond ring skype how dramatic and effect that is, and then that goes away you, how the corona, your suddenly envelop in the weirdest like that, you have ever experienced in your entire life. I can't even tell you you value in view sun rises in sunsets and on you, we'll sky colors, but there really is nothing to compare to having totality sweep. you all around the horizon. In the sky appears like a saffron color high above your head and of a navy blue in color and everything is changing.

by moment. As the shadow was passing over you, you see everything should in changing at it it just it just an incredible, an amazing sight to see yes, but Joe Joe tell us. You run second got a real bad he's. He's got a ban on our raising So I was in idaho in them as of idaho in two twenty seventeen and I looked for the shadow approaching it is. It is jerry frightening, and exhilarating all at the same time, but I have to tell you Joe adjusted for others no only when you ve seen eclipses before do have the luxury to not look thirty seconds before to tell. But you know that this stop to notice, and so you down and around most people in their first time that they can't possibly noticed that job right,

well, there's so many different things that are happening: you're, absolutely right, neil about thirty seconds to a minute before therapy who have spread a white sheet on the ground because there are, we Looking shadow is called shadow bans that our flickering approach stat sheet and the reason why we see them just before totality and right after totality is that the sun, just before totality, is suddenly a thin filament of light. You know that when you look up at the sky at night, you see the stars they appear to twinkle. They twinkle because the light. Blue light beams coming from the stars are passing through our atmosphere and are being distorted by a turbulent atmosphere, so that gives the effect of a twinkling of that now. The sun does not appear to twinkle when it's when it's out in full view, because if all this, but when we have it narrowed to a thin very their narrow sliver of light, then the atmosphere- turbulence in the atmosphere allows that to kind of interfere with that principle,

and what you see there on the ground are again really leaves of light and dark that are racing across the sheet racing, off the ground and that's that's an event which really is power. It wasn't. A total eclipse of the sun in india back and nineteen. Eighty mps the uninitiated who, looking down on the bed, during the moment, should be before fatality. It was screaming The ground is on fire. The ground is on fire, look uh, what's happening to the ground, it's just another these amazing things and amazing effects. It happened right around it. when the sun is getting ready to go away for possibly short interval of time. Yes, the luxury of knowing what to look for a rather than just staring up at the at the night sky. Yes, I get totally too, and so for me, I, like is: what's it connect dragon to answer that question to check you think the other day that had a very like that, just as well

in a light lee treed area, like you, have the shade from a couple of trees, and you see these sort of dots, light does modeling on the sidewalk, I'm in the city, so the sidewalk. The light is on the sidewalk you, so they just like this. The sunlight peering through those more than that is action, the images of the room the sun on the sky that are being projected to a pinhole effect onto them. Around and you know this because if there is an eclipse going on- and you look back at that light it all Have these little presence at and you can watch the eclipse unfold on the ground and a joy I saw someone is going telescope. They took a colander from the kitchen which has hundreds of holes on it right then they've held that up in the eclipse. And you see all these hundreds of little eclipse lits. They say that eclipse lit that allowed now. Okay, so that's one of my favorite part is seeing the the multiple images of eclipses.

On the ground made by things that are just otherwise shadows leaves that you wouldn't otherwise arise. No to think about. My wife and I had dinner with a diner just about a week ago and I had to little soup and they brought it along with some sort, in crackers, and I took the crackers I put it in my pocket. Don't I said: I'm saving this for the eclipse it's coming up because because you can you don't ahead, you anywhere can take anywhere, a joke. We could you could use salty cracker, which has these holes in it. Use that project the image of the sun. holes and you can, then you have the you know. Little eclipse, projector using saltine crackers, add a doesn't work with a red stuff. That's above the rest have holes in them. Yeah they do, they do have hole, but they don't go out. through the onlooker resulting salteena pierced. Although it I didn't know that those rights are more or less a cracker expert here, more

more that more than with move on to the next round real first, by the way, let me just say neil you just answered just in from untenable canada's question without even knowing it, and then he asked the exact question of. Why is the image on the ground with his projected leaves, and he ended just him from ontario. Canada ended by saying Neil. You are like the stars to me. I looked to you, also when they want to give him credit for his question that it wasn't even about. Was the answer. Oh tat S, all right, I got a fantastic keep going. Ok, so

This is liam from rhode island. He says: do you know if there's any effect of solar eclipse is on wildlife? I am wondering if there have been any interesting behaviors that have been documented The sun goes dark in the middle of day, all right you're waiting for their well? Is it We have had indeed studies on that very subject. In fact, a night twenty five when the the total eclipse of the sun right here, little old new york, there were people at the bronx. Who observed the animals who took notice. The idea, for example, raised around panic just before the sun get totality in the where they kept the chimpanzees and monkeys. They were haven't all kinds of fun. jumping around everything else, but then justice tat. He was about to approach. They got very, very quietly, the round, then they almost look like they had a scared. Look on their face. So what's going on here that it's getting it's getting dark, but the most

same thing, was that there was a very rare bird called the bird of paradise and the effect of the eclipse on that bird was such that during the time frame during totality the bird actually stuck out its neck real far and standard, its wings out and just was, was going up and down up and down, and the people who study these birds, never saw anything like this before it does have an effect chickens go to roost. In fact. Probably the most famous story about this involves: thomas edison, the great inventor he saw a total eclipse of the sun in wyoming. Where do I only deal back in eighteen? Seventy nine and he had a I said he was going to use to measure the temperature of the corona that he had just invented for the peasant meter and he was looking around for a play. where you could set up, and he thought burn house, and he looked around it

in their own says. All I just as great a little protect me from the wind and provide me with shelter. So he said is his instrument up an it's totality coming. It's only a few seconds away and all of a sudden from all directions. Edison got bowled over by chickens, chickens. We're coming from all directions are going back into the barn house with a hen house to go to roost because they thought that nighttime was. So all of a sudden that was one of the world's great can stories I might add, there was also an eclipse that went across near south africa and went over the krueger game. earth, and so there are people who were I dont know what results came out of that, but the cougar game reserve. Where There is the boughs and draftsman. You know that the things and half the dire rumours of the american resumed the actual district water evolve. So I knew people were we're going there to see what the effect is. I would say that

animal that behaves the weirdest of them all ears humans, but I'm scared of money to go into the shadow. Take boats, praise points and automobiles and we ve gotta, be the weirdest, began in creature out there, the first thirty seconds of totalitarian islam This totally laugh at least thirty seconds of the first. you're, thirty seconds people just scream heads off again after the initial shock and the initial screaming and yelling up. Look at that. Look at that. I think everybody quiets down and if they have an experiment there, they're conducting looking at temperature centuries old everyone taking pictures, everything gets very quiet then, just as you approach the end of totalitarian, you use torture. Thinking about the end of totality there's like a red flag that comes out. aren't you. The totality is about to end the promised fear his ear the animals the sun's atmosphere, which glows kind of a beautiful

reddish were or electric pink color first begins to emerge, and that emerges maybe about five or ten seconds before the actual promised fear. The worst part of the sun surface, emerges and comes back out and of course, then you up your glasses or europe protected. Vice on your eyes, it is amazing, amazing spectacle literally from start to finish and has a cough everyone. Every driver who, once more have your maurice move, more freedom, more action, more turbo charged excitement more hit, turning style from sports cars, Sudan's and Ebay, to pick up some crossovers. With this end there no compromising your next adventure nuisance,

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any speculations their job october, twenty second in the year when he one thirty seven b c, believe it or not. We have records of of unequal. That occurred over china and the interest think about that eclipse shock and deal with that back there, in those days they actually had court astronomers. Now back in twenty one, thirty, seven d b c they could not do any specific calculations, but the court astronomers job was the constantly watch this sky day and night for anything. Unusual and in the case of an eclipse, if you saw that there was an eclipse taking place, you immediately alerted the emperor who in turn alerted the people, who would then be. arms or shoot rockets up into the sky to try to frighten the dragon. They thought tat was what an eclipse resume was mistaken it's an invisible dragon. Eating away at the sun and we went, thirty, seven it twenty one, thirty seven twenty one, thirty, seven b c. Unfortunately, the

port, astronomers, apparently sleep either they got drunk the night before did quite gap in time. Go but just then alert anybody that an eclipse some progress- and here comes the eclipse in here dark and everybody screaming and yelling and running around shooting they raucously. They and believe it or not, they did actually scare away the dragon that battle ology, always work, works every time work every time after the eclipse was over there. emperor, brought the court astronomers to him and said you have sinned an awful thing. You did not warn us about this event. You didn't tell us the dragon was coming and eating the sun, and so you must be the ultimate price and that they were all they would be headed. That's that was it that presumably, as the earliest record of a total eclipse of the sun over China. Again now, before the crash

We are at twenty one, thirty seven bc and, of course, trying to keep very good records of the knights of the sky and that some of the best records we have absolutely around the world going going going far back. I haven't either case where I saw call me at my office and they found a diary in the attic of her grandfather who had just died, and then diary was his grandfather. Who was a pastor and about If the timing is right on this, I'd, I'd have to recheck my numbers, but so apparently it describes that they are moving through massachusetts in some kind of wagon train, okay and the all of a sudden, the sky got dark. And this is by the way, described in and revelations the sky gets dark in the past. It was certain the the world was near. He stopped the wagon train, got everybody off and said repent.

The end of the world is near pray for forgiveness, everybody got off prayed, then it got light again and then I felt there. Your prayers were answered? Why does she asked me? Could this have been an eclipse? And I said even deeply religious pastors would have known what an eclipse was because their educated people in it This is not a new weird thing in the sky. They would see it say, that's an eclipse, okay, so I had to conclude, Well, if we I able to verify that was real, so I checked, I said: when would you she said between seventeen six. in seventeen ninety massachusetts. So I went to my taste. words and went to my computer. That yes, indeed, solar eclipse across new england in whatever year was I had the correct year and that idly localised that trip ok, because it, It should not rare, but when they do happen, Duly there all around the world, so

died nail that a clear sighted yes they experienced in. But if you didn't know is an eclipse, it must have been overcast. It was an old urgency, couldn't see the sun and everything just got get arc. Everything just got door. I experienced a couple years ago when all I wouldn't we doubt antarctica to see at all eclipse of the sun and down there. It's almost forty where's the daylight in December, which is the method I went and we had total overcast complete total over gas and came the more of totality all of a sudden. The sky got very dark for about. ninety seconds or so and then just as quickly it got right again, we had a grace but that was the shadow. You have rose your buns off for no reason, Finally, I when I was offered the trip I said no because I knew that the weather prospects for clear whether

was lousy, but the people who put the tour together said you're missing the point the eclipse the icing on the cake, but the trip itself is to take times you gonna get offered a chance to go to adorn again that the sole manner. So we went to my wife and I we went. We ve spent two weeks down there and I tell you interesting. I mean converting around with that. We went to a place called all at island, one mile slab of rock two hundred thousand penguin. on that island I mean we're and the funny thing is they they take. Stay at least five metres away from the penguins do not go near the penguins. Somebody forgot to tell the penguins that endeavour If you go down a small island, they want a lot. You like a pigeon will want to talk to you in central park. It I'll just waddling bow I didn't, but I saw a lot of penguins. Okay, alright, that does sounds like a good vacation.

just gonna be honest about away penguins, don't poop less than pigeons. Do rights of others, peggy sue chevaler everywhere. I we have time for dismay, one or two more questions: jack, ok, a neil, hey Joe hijack from the world of falsifiable hypotheses. How does a flat arthur exe blame a lunar eclipse from backwards Oregon expiring minds? What does. Well, so job to take a stand. But then I got something to say to, but I wanna hear would you would you delete? a luther eluder eclipses different from a solar in that chair, the the moon, others, the sunlight, provides a life that we that allows us to see the moon reflected sunlight when we take way that sunlight, then the moon disappears and the only way you take away that sunlight is if the moon will move into that'll our shadow, the earth? Of course, if we, if you believe that

earth, is a global last friday, a global we'll catch gay shadow out into space, a circular shadow. So when the moon starts moving into the shadow of the earth, you see it shadow moving across its face. So if this is a after that we all live on. How is that possible that we get a curve shadow moving across the gist of the bone, and so it's the best. We I noted describing the prove that live honour on a feet or honour on a circular planet, but it did you left out an important point, their job, which is It is a curve shadow, no matter. where the moon and the sun is on the sky. During that eclipse, so you have to ask what is the only shape there will always give a circular shadows yellow sand atmosphere where this can give a circle shadow. other orientations, horizontal

it is a straight line, so that's what we would tell flat authors, but they, but then I can listen that nato that's the truest lesson there, which is don't waste time. Look as though the real lesson more one work, but it's ok. Here we go I was pfizer's. We only had time for one more ok. Here we go get a doctor thyssen, Joe and chop. Ok, that's why says it so anyway, but it then he said and you see here from vancouver briskly the us or maybe just an ozzy in vancouver, given only all you said today, I'm pretty sure it's re only and he spelled it good or good, eh anyway. Well, historical question here: what do we know about how ancient and early cultures civilizations conceived, interpreted and understood these rare events that they actually mean

something? What stories and legends and myths revolved, then what is the most interesting myth or man a moment associated with an eclipse that you would There were two other than the dragons eating the sun. I write what what this floating around their job before the era of science. Well I'll be back in the year five. Eighty five eighty there were two warring facts, in the Middle east, the libyans and the melodies, they were very. that each other for many many years and then all of a sudden right, the middle of a battle. And suddenly darted total eclipse of the sun took place, and both factions were so frightened that what He saw they thought that I missed of being sent to them from high above the media, He called a truce shook hands. each other and never wore again, it's too bad that that can happen today How long do you that's a great, be already be wonderful, brave weakened if, in the next decade, the twenty twond peace descends over the earth

naw man, that's so I just love the idea that there on the battlefield going added just like I'm gonna kill you and then this guy goes dark. There, like hold me told me, Please can I like this now in the football you about a football game, we're both teams are going out each other and then try to kill each other and in one Players gets hurt story seriously and does both All teams come together if they both have their heads and they even said I've even seen cases where both teams pray together as the guys being carted off the field order. It maybe something like that that happened delve during that total eclipse back in five eighty five, eighty, maybe they should try to prayer before the game and they would prevent so Joe in your your clips are took place over their battle. I think there's an addendum to that eclipse.

cheers. We know exactly where that battle was being conducted at the time right and if you take modern eclipse tables and go backwards to post dick that eclipse The eclipse lands in the wrong part of earth so you say well they be wrong about where they held their battle, rarely do not know where you're fighting other people and laying bloodshed. So they had to correct for the slowing down of earth rotation too, properly land the eclipse in the right spots That is one of the longest baselines of evidence that earth's rotation is slowing down the eclipse, stopping that battle in that moment, at that location, earth, and so that's the moon, sloshing tides on our continental shelves mid doing that forever.

and you have to factor that in if you gonna back, predict eclipses into the calendar year who told you carry so much eclipse expertise and we're doing, We can to share it here, but I stand you offer virtual presentations on it. This. Is the libraries civics group organizations and you are available to do that before the April eclipse of next year and from my notes here I say it's an hour plus, of course she would a so what what things. Do you do in that? Our I'm offering actually two different their presentations? One of them is call this. we'll darken on April, the eighth We know why there's a total eclipse, but I get into it

with its like that, though you sound like you, try to get the superstitious sick, you know their lot illegal or even to this day, get did get frightened by total. Eclipse is that we get into the mechanics of why we have total eclipse of the sun, and then I go into also the proper way of observing eclipse especially the partial phases where you need some special device like this glass or special luck, eclipse, glasses or if you wanna, projected sorting, cracker or through the trees leave agrees on the other. The other presentation is call lab adventures of an eclipse jason. I talk about not all, but some of them Does he think that I've done in order to see total eclipse, the sun, for example, just one example here, go? I convinced a major airline tickets, Is they arrived the path of a commercial airlines light from anchorage? Alas, two Honolulu delay the fight by about

forty minutes so that we could be in the proper position over the pacific ocean so that everyone on board the flight with the able to see at all. as such, we would encounter the shadow of the bone as passed over so the ocean, and this is just one of the many different things that I've done god's I'll, do anything to see a total eclipse, and I was one of the christmas aversion and hijacking the airplane, What signal hijacked the way you want it, that is to say whether the federation of the airline with Are you We can find you it, so we re always Oh so you can find your Joe rio weather. Gmail. Just send you an email. Is that right, Joe re or whether a gmail dot com just send me an email and I'll? Send you back all the information about how you I worry or how your civic group can get hold of me, and I haven't give a presentation- and I got It- you think I'm really become a very busy person as we get closer and closer that they total eclipse coming up in the spring of next year. nobody cliff has come? I hide ok,

So it is all you do is one day this can take over and I can rest for a day. That's out! That's how I think about it. So it Joe our ojo rail, whether as in whether man Joe rail, whether at gmail dotcom job I'll, be delighted to catch more of you through those channels. I'm so. but what does that everything he had never wanted to know about an eclipse or would never knew you could know about an eclipse. I'm chuck. Are you are you? How are you feeling the eclipse fluent now? I only know yeah, I'm gonna say no. I still don't know, there's not enough. I could do more here. Ok, you know eclipses. Is there anything can't. Do I mean very these days. They stop battle

you know how did they get whether man to hijack playing you know they ve had court waters dummy lapses. High a whole raft of idle losses are heads over eclipses. I joe great to see you again, great to see you knew I was then we're gonna be seeing a lot more of each other as we get closer to the idea that they day next year, we will tell Fine reasons to make that happen all right. This has been another episode of star talk. a high bred. view an cosmic queries. I love em truck, always good to have you always apply this It's been start off, you're the best ice again, as always, people think.