The day and something you should know, it's important to take breaks during your workday, but when well I'll, tell you exactly when then the fascinating history of blue jeans and as you might imagine, John wayne and his blue jeans are part of the story. Everytime. He was going to go on a new film to his family in sort of a ritual, would bond over chained up with rock and taught them off a pier into the pacific ocean and leave it on for a couple of days and then, when he dragged them out, they had been broken down and dropping by the combination of the lawn and water. Also just how accessible are those super successful people you'd love to meet more accessible than you think, and amazing science? You never knew for a particular time of the pharaohs in your body or not you're, better off microorganisms, hitching a ride to work because it turned out anointing. Your important part of the dna in your body does not belong here all this today on something you should know.

Something you should now pass in eating into the world's top experts and practical advice you can use in your life, something you should now might rather ass. I welcome to another interesting fun and fact failed episode of something you should know episode number two hundred and twenty six, and we begin today talking about breaks. You ve probably heard, and a lot has been written about the portance of taking breaks when you're working and that you will ultimately do better work and be more productive? If you take rights during the work day. But the question is when one is the best time to take a break, what, according to research, paler university. The answer is midmorning.

It seems. Midmorning breaks are more helpful because it's easier to replenish your energy early in the day when you're concentration and motivation are higher than trying to replenish yourself later in the day when you're or tired in depleted, but taking break from work doesn't mean taking a break and then go pay. Your bills are schedule a doctor's appointment or doing anything else that has even slightly stressful. Otherwise, defeats the whole purpose. Taking a break taking it means taking a break from all work, so you're better off to go talk to someone read an article or just cyber loaf. On the internet, you'll see better when you return and That is something you should know. few things are as all american as blue jeans, I'm sure you have a pair or two or three in your house somewhere. Everyone has worn blue jeans, so we're

they come from and what is Denham anyway, and how is it different from other fabrics? why did blue jeans become so iconic and so associated with america, peculiarly the american west, well, as you might imagine, there's a fascinating story here and journalist James Sullivan, explored and uncovered it for his book genes, cultural history of an american icon, I james welcome so take us back to the beginning. Where did blue jeans start and why and how did they catch on? How did all begin well blue jeans, are the the history is long and a little bit complex and denim work. Clothes actually began in Europe two or three hundred years ago. What we consider today to be the modern blue jeans, mass produced back reproduced virgin originated in eighteen. Seventy three with the Levi strauss company out of san Francisco.

The distinction is that the masters genes and revive began making have the copper rivets The copper rivets made apparent, obviously more durable they last longer and at the time that was done so that minors and other working class people would have durable work. Close the relative become part of the whole fashion ability of James himself. Everybody knows what denham looks like and feels like. I mean you can spot at a mile away that that's denham, that's what genes are made out of, but what is it in and how is it different than other fabrics, China is a cotton twill material, but with the world this dialogue with indigo although gender, common many different colours and they if the thread is on died, which is one of the things that gives jeans the distinct look and the more the indigo upgrades off of your jeans, in other words, when you wash them and wear them and the indigo starts to chip away it exposes.

is the on died, cross, dread underneath and that's where the fading comes from, where the distinct feeling? What comes from so in Denham the threads going? One way are coloured the threads going, the other way are not colored their white, so the ed that's. What makes Denham Denham an end so who? Who is levi strauss? Was he a real? Was he a real guy leave us This is a real guy sure maybe I was a wholesaler in san francisco beginning an aching fiftys when temperature with a broom town because of the california gold rush, and he was selling all kinds of household goods, materials quoting Denham to retailers and the if the idea of blue jeans, he was selling something like an early version of genes, among the many other things that he was selling for the first decades of his existence. As a businessman in San francisco approach in the seventies by small,

time: taylor in nevada, come up with the idea of adding the copper rivets to make the pact more durable for his customers. This guy, you famous Jacob, was Jacob Davis been buying denim material firmly by strauss for a number of years, and he approached his support. And said if you can help me, come up with the costs for the patent application, we can support it. Davis eventually went to work for leave and ran the first factory that produce the personally by levi's genes. So original appeal of blue jeans was the durability that nothing else. It wasn't fashion it wasn't who cool color. It was just They were very durable. You know I like that. For the first seventy five two hundred years of their existence. As we know them, I don't think anybody really thought twice about them other than the fact that you wanted them to be durable. You know you were probably wearing them. You are you're, almost certainly wearing them for their hard work

you were a farmer or minor, or someone building the railroad or construction worker cowboy, you're doing hard work and you are wearing them for the way they look. There was only really in the nineteenth bodies. Let's say that that genes really started to become something a fashion item, and how did that happen? Well, in the early years, the thirties and fortys one of the first wave that the general mainstream of america came to understand what religions were was by seeing them in movies in western movies the earliest cowboy girls in the movies were sort of banned. There were there. There were a lot of friends and family. In cowboy clothing and then, as western films grew up John wins and men of his started wearing blue jeans that were, they felt, were a little more of an authentic armor or cowboy book which were dustier and us. sort of moroccan. Looking students, people in the thirties employs forties, began wearing them in part because they want to emulate their heroes from western films

and also in part, because they wanted to show a college students, for instance, want to show solidarity with the working class. So artists Students and young people really it didn't start wearing jeans casual where until the third is enforced, What is it about levi's that makes them so iconic, conic and and they seem to win the battle every time other jean manufacturer show up you know that they have carved out a niche, but levi's is still in many mines. Blue jeans, Levi's, is blue jeans well they clearly have created a company that tad astounding durability dislike the product itself. I mean that they did. It essentially invent the modern blue gene in eighteen. Seventy three long time in the company was actually original company are mostly on recognised on the west coast. Kill fifty or sixty years I go. There was a time target,

that now, but there was that there was a long period of time where there were other genes, manufacturers that were better known on the east coast them levi's, but one of the things that the company was great. Add has always been great at is marketing and so in the thirties. Forties fifties buys really started to understand, maybe more quickly than any of their rivals that you could market these things not only to looking men and women, but also to young people as their own kind of leisure. Where and solely by was really sort of instrumental in establishing that It does seem that a lot of gene companies have come and gone, but who would you say our levi's hat at historically have been Levi's biggest competitors in the blue jean business. While I strongly it's always been lee and sent the bodies, wrangler wrangler was founded and write them angle that we're not today was founded a nineteen forty seven.

It's always this- those two companies, although pretty clearly in the last hampered in others there than cycles injuns history, where various twenty designers. Have gotten a lot of attention and clearly, in the last couple of years, that don't quite put up the numbers that Levi's does. But there have been grabbing the lion's share of the attention for for the product, but historically it's its wrangler only and certainly over the years there been different styles of genes. You know that there is a button fly and the zipper fly and the extra pockets in a lot of different styles of blue jeans changes, Why? Until the twenties, when the Lee company actually introduced a zipper? One of the interests: things that I found in researching my book and talking to many different people have been in the industry for a long time. Is that we tend to think of genes in terms in start terms, going from the

rock and roll. It is workable, revising the other companies or the or the cowboy look and then suddenly emulate seventies and early eighties, going to the designer genes of the disco era. my client, glory, vanderbilt and guess, genes and georgia ash and all those brands when the matter is that from the mid sixties are so keen to any factors have been finding many different ways to silence it seems to make them something other than the classic, as I said, rock and roll or cowboy lock that we think of as the sort of the old fashioned looking jane in the sixties and kitchen. wearing their jeans lower on the head started wearing much more flared, though bottoms They started toying with the is the washes pre washing machines, to sell them with an over the pre faded, balkan and bleaching them and other methods of changing the daughter in the appearance of the of the garment. Before was even the body,

at the shelves so many different things were done. The genes before that did on agenda that were there were intended to sort of stylized them. Upscale them I am almost certain you ve had this problem. You needed after you ask your friends, Maybe a look on line whose a good doctor someone who will actually listened to you and make you feel like you're in good hands, and you find one, and then it turns out that doctor doesn't take your insurance or they don't have an appointment for three months. Exactly why doc was created. I've been telling you zack doc for awhile, while Zach, is a free where you can find amazing doctors and book appointments online, we're talking about booking appointments with sound? and of top rated patient review doctors and specialists, and you can filter spaces, weekly for ones who take your insurance or are located near you and treat almost any condition you're searching for and these doc.

All have verified reviews from actual patients, the average weight to see a doctor booked on zadok is between just twenty four in forty eight hours, sometimes you can even score same day, appointments once you find the doktor you want. You can book them immediately with just a few taps on the app, if ever need to find a new doktor zadok is what I'll use? Why would you do anything else? Go disaster. Dot com, slash s, why s, K and download the tsar doc app for free, then find and book top rated doctors today- that z, o c d, o c dot com, slash s why s k, zack doc, dot com, slash s. Why, as K, if you're a pair- and I bet the subject of technology- has come up in conversation with your kids,

U s. Cellular knows how important your kids relationship with technology is, and they ve made it their mission to them establish good digital habits early on. That's why partnered with screen sanity, a nonprofit dedicated to helping kids navid the digital landscape. and for a smarter start to the school year. U s. Cellular is also offering a free basic phone on new eligible lines, providing an alternative to a smartphone for children, our smarter? With? U S, cellular visit? U s! Cellular dot com, slash built for us to find out more risk. Actions apply visit. U s! Cellular dot com for terms Speaking with James Sullivan, he is a journalist and author of the book genes, cultural history of an american icon. so James, here's a question remember remember

stone wash genes. I had several pairs of stone, wash genes back in the eighties or or whenever they were popular. What does The term mean what are what are stone wash genes. Literally means washed washed in washing machines with pakistan. Does fantail that retail in my book about John wayne? He did I think that a lot of people did back in his the genes were never pre washed. In his day, so they came pretty stiff and you wanted to break them in before you started wearing them, and a lot of people sort of started to realize that you could keep people would would lie down in a bathtub with them on for an hour or two so that they would shrink tube to form fit the body. And now one of the John wayne did. Was he everytime? He was going to go on a new film said he would take his family on a on a vacation

beforehand and they would he would. He would have his new pair of jeans that he was going to wear on the film set and his family. A sort of a ritual wooden, would bundle up with rocks, tie them up and taught them off appear and to the pacific ocean and leave them for a couple of days until the vacation was all the weapon, then when he dragged him out, they had been broken down, softened by the stone by the combination of the stone and water, while I've never heard that story before. That's pretty interesting that that John wayne would tie of his genes and throw em off appear. But but, as you point out a mean, then they weren't pre washed, probably pretty stiff and uncomfortable so Probably wasn't the only one to do something like that to soften a mob the well known hollywood, designer costume designer who did real stylish western search, called neue co annuities the coming that made all of those?

I stylized fringy western suits. I did stuff for Elvis and lots of country singers and in the early seventies, before any the major gains manufacturers stone stone washing their genes automatic reduction, scale news was another designer who did the same thing. He took gum industrial strength, waters and toss his eyes genes into the waters which and I m taught them away at it from all accounts. I'm told the process is hell on them in the washing machine I would think so and- and you probably end up with some very clean stones You talk about the prices people have paid for vintage genes, is pretty amazing, talk about that like a lot of other collectible artifact, your genes of have one of anything. About them is that they have been such a huge part of american culture for so many years that, at this point, a pair of hundred year old genes, mythic indecent shape, is the law to someone out there. What are they

I think about that, as is the idea of globalization in one of the main product of Selling western culture to the rest of the world have been blue jeans over the years, other cultures- have historically I love the idea, blue jeans and what it says about american culture, and so on. nineteen eighties, the japanese, were going through their hugh dec and I'm looking for places to spend their money essentially and one of the ways that they had one of the places they did. That was on vintage american clothing and not just genes, but bomber jackets and hawaiian. Shirts certain looks that dated two. The world war two are actually were huge and japanese culture, and I m so collect their started, paying crazy about the money for prevented vintage bluejeans. The the market. Is gonna gone up and down a little bit since then, but Levi Strauss, for instance, has

a world class archive of its own products, and they had been known to pay huge sums for genes that had been newly covered that date back to one hundred years or so in a lot of cases are called minor minors pants because the genes will be found in in the minds of nevada and in the west. They were used in all other cases. When they started to wear out, there would be used to feel cracks to keep the inside of the cave sites at intact and am better to found fairly good example all genes sought away in the in the cracks of old mines in the west anything were to look at a pair of those old genes from way back when they were minors pants. If you look at them and feel them. I mean what they feel like genes or has the fabric in. Everything about genes have they evolve to such a point that you wouldn't recognise them

essentially look and feel like jeans, which has won an amazing things about james, I mean over the generations each successive generation for the last fifty or sixty years. Initiated various kinds of twists on on the product can make it their own. Whether we're talking about extreme. Why thou bottoms of the happier or the extreme baggy panther the hip, hop era in the nineties, but essentially it Wait, it's always remained the same garment and you you. If you saw a pair of genes from the eighteen nineties, you would slowly recognise it as something there similar to what we were today? So why we call them genes. Do you know where the word genes comes from? I do wear comes from genoa, ITALY, which was a major shipping port in the middle ages, french called the genuine again? And I want to is that they made in genoa was a precursor to dinner material which was known as jean claude, so that where

I'm comes from the word. The term denham comes from French industrial pound called mean that product was known for hundreds of years, a search to name which is shortened to Denham jean claude, and Denham were made a mass quantities and industrial england. And and brought over to america and add get em is more durable than jean cloth and at some point in the last one hundred and fifty years or so the two terms became entertain interchangeable with one another on the product is now made We will then am not jean claude, but we a long time ago start you know sort of completed the the two terms started calling down a bad dreams I remember growing up. We called them dunk area. So a word is that term come from that is actually comes from a town called dungaree in in india, which is another.

Another part of the globe that seven hundred years ago was already mass, producing a a durable cotton cloth, useful workload but it is interesting how genes have become such an important part of fashion through so many different decades and threw out so many different. fashion changes and yet genes are a staple in all of them from the fifties on up. So What do you think the future of genes is well? I think that at this point it fairly to say that it's not going anywhere. I mean over the Couple of decades we ve seen fashion commentators make a case reality that Maybe I'm americans are getting tired of their blue jeans and want something else they always tend to come back around. I mean they're durable, but not only as each individual pair durable, but the idea of blue jeans is

proved to be extremely durable sure has indeed such a great story that pretty much we ve all been a part of my gun has been James Sullivan, he's a journalist and his book is called genes. Cultural history of an american icon, there's a linked his book in the show notes, thanks are being your james. If you want to have some fun it's football season after all, and it is a great time to play some daily fantasy sports and one Maybe you haven't played before is prize picks. I play it What's cool about price pixies you playing against thousands zillions of other people. It's just you against the numbers specific. Will you pick more than or less stan on to this, player. Stat projections and then to see if your right and if you are you, watch the winnings role in it is so cool this policies and price picks. It is the most exciting way to play daily fantasy sports and, if you're good at it,

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fancy vodka just fancy marketing the wire christmas tree, so darn, expensive too. The planet money every week for entertaining stories and insights about how money shapes your world stories that you will not find anywhere else Listen now to planet money from and pr wherever you get your podcast. One of the great things about hosting this podcast is getting to talk with such interesting people and learn such fascinating things and share them with you and who were about to do it again with marcus chowne is, is a science writer and a journalist in the? U k and he's really good at explaining science fix things about your world in the universe, in interesting and reliable ways that are easy to understand. Why is just the way I just the way I like it, either to understand.

this is the author of a new book called infinity in the palm of your hand, de wonders that reveal an extraordinary universe. I market Welcome Let's start with one of the more provocative things you say in your book and that that the sun could be made out of bananas and it wouldn't make any difference. Yeah. I mean that sounds quite controversial thing. Doesn't it really, but I'm just making the point? Why is the sun hot and the sun is hot for an incredibly simple reason because he's got a lot of man, which is squeezed been squeezed down on its core pilot by gravity and when you squeeze something we get hot. The incredible amount of mass pressing down on the core of the sun about fifty million degrees, not that kind of temperature.

tat kind of turned into this kind of anonymous amorphous state known as a plasma, and it doesn't actually matter what you start off with you always end up with a private the funding from Iraq a billion billion billion tonnes of mercury, to turn, but to put a billion eleven billion tons of microwave ovens in one place or billion. billion tonnes of bananas. You get something equally as hot as the sound you say that I were born one hundred percent human but die fifty percent alien. What a hat! But my while fifty percent of the sound in your body are not yours, okay, they are mart kroger The rich hitching a ride, so you know their are bacteria on your skin, but most and many of these bacteria weed You know what I do a lot of them all incredibly important. So for the bacteria, in your stomach help you digest your food safety. Take him in antibiotic

which killed those bacteria you end up with diarrhoea, because your stomach cannot actually digestion foods. Food are actually really important. You done. Any of these organisms when your ball, none at all for your hundred percent human you then acquire them from your mother's milk from the environment. I am, Tom you're about to throw you ve got most of them are when you die. You got this visit did you notice load of organisms which don't belong to it, It's been more like what I just said, because it turns out that ninety nine point, seven five percent of the dna in your body does not belong to you. It belongs Toby organisms hitching a ride. one. Four hundred of the dna is actually your dna Well, that's just weird! That's just plain! wait a minute very weird, What do you mean by you get older it on the top floor than you do if you're on the bottom floor fashion? a consequence of all kinds theory of clarity

it turns off that time, flows more slowly, instrument so if you are close it and if you want to the lacking on the ground floor of a building, you are closer to them. At the earth. Gravel he'd marginally stronger point five more slowly towards it, but it got on an upper floor are missing have to be small effect, but in twain ten physicists in america, We're able to show that if you stood on one step of a staircase and someone stood on the step above you, you aged more slowly, to study the ninety days, I may get it by having to super actor atomic clock on the two on the two flawed, but you might think this is so because the esoteric, why did he had who care when it turns out but wait if you got a fat man for use a smartphone, ensure location relative to global positioning, half life. Any satellites Raynham

You don't like it over it. I may carry crocs, my coming close to the growing stronger gravity, the clock slow down when they go long way. The clock speed up, and if your phone or fat man did not compensate for that. I thank you get your location wrong by an extra fifty meters every day, so you may think it's really esoteric but actually affect your life. Every day, Did you say in your book that the entire human race could fit into the volume into the size of a ship. her cube, which makes no sense at all. So explain how that works. It turns out that the accident it made it all, really really empty. I tell you probably got a picture in your mind of an item. You got from scores like a miniature solar know, with a nucleus at the centre, which is like a thumb, another electrons which orbit around at night planet I came.

Really tell you hadn t atoms are turned now that those electrons are are very tiny and they will be a long way away from the nucleus compared to the size of the nucleus, to keep your somebody. I'll. Tell you how much empty space there is an election as a percentage or take it. Ninety nine point: nine, nine, nine, nine, nine, nine, nine, nine, nine, nine, nine, nine nine percent canada. My fingers, that's how much empty space there is, in fact, and I came to tell us how much empty space thirty new if you were to squeeze all the empty space of the order of the atoms in all the seven billion people on earth, you can actually fit them in the volume of sugar cake. To show you how matters matter is we,

Really the science of time fascinates me the past present and future, and is a bit about that in time, travel in the possibilities of that and and why this is so interesting. On travel amendment. No one of the most startling things about time travel is that, here. We are twenty eighteen and no physicists can prove it's impossible, and this is this is because einstein showed us really and in nineteen fifteen but in principle it would be incredibly easy. One of the things you ask me earlier in our conversation is about why you, age, more quickly on it The overcoat in on the ground floor, and I told you it's because the a time flows at different rates in different gravity. Okay, so amazing, You can see how about a time machine you just have to regions with two different gravity where

where, where timer fibres up a particular right on another onward while that may be slower right, a new go between them and you can go back in time. I'll show you how this is, how you do it your merchant or a region or near a black hole. A black hole is the dentist or a most an object with them. powerful gravity we can imagine. So if you've imagined you have a black hole where time is flying very slowly near it compared to the us, and you have the earth a case or a new stock clocks, you know on the earth and the black hole at the same time. Should we start on on a monday by the time, it's friday by the black hole so or swear by the time it's friday by the earth, we went by the black hole because time is flowing more slowly there, so you could go instantly. Is the from the earth to the black hole. You will be able to go from friday to Wednesday. That would be a time machine. Is there any way we could do this, but it turns out

the oil gravity not only permits the existence of black how's? It permits the existence of things and warm house these short cuts through I can imagine you have a worm out in california. You know you go in my mouth and you crawl or meter or whatever, and you get spotted in london. You know it's a shortcut through spacetime, so basically the recipe for a time machine is you hit the earth and you have a region near a black hole and you connect them with a wormhole. The partnership now build a time. Machine is hardly impractical with bated breath we did a worm, how we need adequate, repulsive gravity it would require a lot of energy to do it

the irony it would require like a super civilization. That is way way beyond our technological capabilities. But the point is it's possible in principle, and that is what worries physicists. I mean stephen hawking, who died in the last year, famously proposed what was called the chronology protection conjecture, which is just a fancy name for saying time. Travel is impossible, in other words, there's gotta be some law that we have not yet discovered. That must prevent it, because the problem is, if you, if time travel, is possible What kinds of paradoxes which you may have heard about can happen? You in principle could go back in time and I don't want to do this, but you could shoot your grandmother grandfather before your mother was born If you did that, then how could you ve gone back in time because you never ball they, so that is the paradox that keeps visited

at night. They know that time travel would be very difficult very very difficult to apply machine in practice. But the father is possible. When I can't prove it isn't worrisome, and the rhetorical question. That's often asked in this conversation about time travel is, if Travel is possible. Where are all the time travellers from the future? They should be coming a clear and visiting us and tell us how they do their life exactly what stephen hawking one that you explore in your book? That doesn't really seem like a science question, but but I guess it is Why are there no photographs of the first man on the moon? That's a very interesting watch him because of the next year is the fiftieth anniversary of the moon, ending in a nineteen. Fifty nine, I remember how much was spent on the matter apollo program but am into in today.

It would probably be hundreds of billions of dollars and really all that bout altering the second man on the moon never took a photograph of the around from so this is the publicity opportunity of all history missed, the act. Notes were when they were in haste and before they went, they were told to take cameras which they kept from a chair. By the way they were, they would pay with how to take them home for the weekend in practice with them, but it turned out to be very difficult to take part crawford because of the high contrast in irving on earth. We get such I was, but on the moon in either that there is no heir to soften shadow for five of them. very bright or very, very dark solidarity fund cross. We actually have made all from a photograph in taken which is actually about organs visor. reflection in his voice and my father actual tv pictures. That's all which I think comes as a surprise to most people and its one

good little facts to have to impress people at a cocktail party, but they that there are no pictures of neil Armstrong on the moon except the fuzzy tv pictures, but no real high quality still photos It took up incredible that that would be. That would not be done I you know I don't know at nasa whether they have held their head in their hands right after coming late. Basically that the first two spent only two hours on the moon, that's all they spent, and then they came back if anyone to all my god, we ve met on the opportunity, ridden photographed the first man on the moon. Ok, and I did want to ask you, though, their cause there's one thing in your book that I read that I've been thinking about ever since because it it boggles the mind, but it makes so much sense. When you hear the explanation its the moon. We think of the moon is being up there in the sky in orbit around the earth and it just sits up there, but you say no, no, the

the moon, is plummeting towards the earth is explain that all this is a very interesting question For me, it's often a question I get asked by children in or in schools. They say all weather satellites fall down. Why does the moon fold out? The answer? Is it is falling down, but it never reaches yes, I mean this was The chinese have isaac. Newton in sixteen hundred, probably the greatest in case you've the lived, a man whose his father, I couldn't even riot and signed his name with a cross. You know, but he became the greatest physicist of all time and he he, he thought himself, why doesn't the moon for them and what did it with him? from the cannon following a common goal, and he thought would fight fire the cannibal, it's horizontally on the ground. You know all happen, the gravity. It down and it would have hit the ground and then newton full weight. What I want to find a bigger cannon, then I'll be fine. I don't believe

Maybe you might go, perhaps a mile before gravity curved dan and hit the a man what what? What about? What? If I had the mother cannons something of the of kind of on call come with a speed that forbid eighteen to have a more than our from another. What I've got a cannon that could do that Then he realized the promised the cannibal. would be falling back down to the earth the earth's surface because it's round would curve away from it. So the bowl, even though, is falling, would never get any closer to the surface, and so it would fall forever in a circle and that's what realize the moon was to the moon was falling forever, but never gotten any closer going in a circle, and genius of that was when he record noise. The moon was falling. He was able

compare house, because he could see how the policy was for and he could he knew how fast the movement around the earth and everything he could see how fast it was moving. He could compare it with with how fast an apple fell from a tree and from that that comparison he could to choose. The behavior of gravity newton was able to use that simply because he was the genius who realized the moon is falling and the answer to those schoolchildren satellites are falling as well, but that falling circle and as fast as I could towards the of the surface curved away from them so any closer. That is so weird and yet- And yet, when you think about it, though it it makes sense sort of two to non scientific people like me, and it is one of the fifty wonders that you talk about in your book. Infinity in the palm of your hand, the wonders that reveal an extraordinary universe mark

China has been my guest and there's a linked to that book. in the show notes. I appreciate you being here marcus. Thank you thanks market, better, preferably on your shoulder. I bet at some point in your life. You thought about writing to some billionaire see where someone very successful or very famous in hopes of getting a meeting, but you never did because you knew it would be a huge waste of time and probably go nowhere well think again, When twenty one year old, Daniel Jacobs moved to San Francisco, he had no money and he knew no one. He knew we needed to make connections, so he decided what the heck and he wrote to several captains of industry, see owes presidents and other top level executives. Recalls that

don't know that I admired specific work decisions they made and character traits they displayed, and it would be amazing if I could learn from them, then, sir, thing amazing happened. He got reply, eyes. Lots of replies from The president of morgan stanley, that president of NBC, the chief marketing officers of coca cola into it and many more many of them, agreed to speak with him and several became mentors. Daniel is now a very successful entrepreneurs. Having started several companies of his own president of NBC told him years later why he agreed to meet with him. He said because in the twenty years of being in this business, every single person who reached out to me cold wanted something. They wanted money, they wanted a job, they wanted something, and you were the first person who only for advice and that something you should know. I invite

you to share this podcast with someone. You know who might benefit from it. There is usually a share button on every podcast apout there, whether you listen, google pod casts apple podcast tune in stature spotify wherever you listen, it's easy to share and I'm sure someone will appreciate that you did so. I might carruthers thanks for listening today to something you should know: stacking benjamin's with Joe and his good friend algae. Not only has great financial insight, its lay back with humour to the lehne, pens, oh say much survey I wanted to know: was it really cheaper to brown bag it every day, or was it cheaper to go through these school lunch at the most expensive sandwich of all forty six percent increase is the first time in a sandwich has ever touched five bucks before anybody gags on that them. It's a great sandwich find out more by searching stacking benjamin's pie cast wherever you listen,