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reverse engineering, it's a seldom discuss pathway to success and greatness. It's how we got a purse, Computer and laughed and even the iphone. What's it's well known is that reverse engineering also explains how writers, like Stephen king and Malcolm Gladwell, learned their craft also If it's a getting outside our tremendous for everyone, particularly kids, and as annoying as house flies, are we couldn't live without them? There incredibly valuable, We want a measure applies value in terms of human benefits. They certainly do benefit as in huge ways, probably the most prominent and those things is pollinators, and it is estimated that the value of insects is pollinators is over half a trillion dollars a year of this today on something you should know. u s, cellular is introducing us mode, it's like! airplane mode, but for people its awaited set.

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and because, at least for me the answer is, it really depends on some is when things are going well, I feel very optimistic, and there are those days work is nothing goes right and- and I have to admit, I feel pessimistic, but certainly being an optimist. Has it rewards optimistic people have better mental, and physical health and when they do get sick? They tend to recover fast sure then pessimistic people, they all earn more money, have more friends and are generally happier all your level of optimism is somewhat built into your personality. It turns out that if you act like an optimist, you will become more optimistic, so straighten up your posture, optimistic people tend to have good posture and they walk with bigger steps, act happy use a cheerful tone of voice, even if it feels funny use optimistic language instead of saying things

like I'm going to make changes, say I'm going to make some improvements accord. to Michael mercer, author of the book spontaneous optimism. Research has proven that doing what optimistic people do will make you more optimistic, and that is something you should know how become great at something are the people who are at top of their game really special? Do they possess some inherit ability that makes them so good, or can we I'll be graded, something if we practise enough what is the path to greatness Is it open to everyone Lord winning social psychologists run friedman. Author of the book decoding greatness has researched what makes for

hop performer, and he says it isn't necessarily what you might think I run thanks are being here thanks for having me so by definition, greatness. Is reserved for a select few, because if we were all great then what we'd, all the average so whenever there is a discussion of top performers in anything sports or business or whatever it's always, you know Michael Jordan, elon, musk, Steve jobs and enough somehow those people don't seem that ordinary they seemed. They seem to be very special and while people may find it interesting to hear about them talk about them. I dont think that most of us I think we can actually get there. If I were to put my thing, on the thing that motivated me to write this book. That would be. It is this misperception that we have, that greatness is for others, and it comes from The stories we ve been told about success. There are to be

stories that most of us have heard throughout our lives. The first story is that greatness comes from talent, it's this idea that were all born with certain innate strengths and that the key to achieve greatness is finding a field that allows those strengths to shine whatever those strengths are for you. The second story is that greatness comes from practice and, according to this perspective, getting to the top requires the right practice. Regiment, and an appetite for doing lots of hard work, but in doing the research. What I found is that there is a third story It's one, that's not often told yet it's the path astonishing number of top performers, everyone from writers and artists, to invent hunters in entrepreneurs used for generations and invite mastering skill that few people have heard of and that skill is key. reverse engineering and it works. How reverse engineering simply means studying the best in a field and then working backward to figure out how they did it.

Khan valley, its well known, there's a long history of coteries who have deconstructed winning products to learn how their made its, how we got the personal computer and laptops and even the iphone, what's left, well known, is that reverse engineering also explains how writers, like Stephen king and Malcolm Gladwell, learn their craft and how painters like claude monet, because a groundbreaking artist and how John appetite became one. successful, comedy minds of our generation. It studying the best works in a field and then working backwards to figure out how they were created turns out to be a lot our common than anyone realized. So you mean that if I were to go ask any of the people you just mentioned how'd you do that they would say. Well, I looked at the best and I verse engineer what they did in, and I did that it's not clear to me that they would identify them firm, reverse engineering, but it is what no doubt the component of reverse engineering, that has

able them to form at the level that they have an. I ll give you some some clear examples. In the case of Stephen king, he utilised process called copy work and what that means Is it in his case? He would take comic books and he would recreate them word for word for memory when he was a kid and that enabled to pick up on some of the hidden patterns that are embedded some of the more successful stories in the case of Gladwell gladwell, has said that he would look at william buckley, william lucky that was his favorite writer growing up. And if you looked at his early work, he describes it himself as an sanely derivative, because all he was doing was looking for patterns and trying to model off them, and I think that so many of us actually do this. Implicitly, no one's ever tall took no one's ever taught us to go and copy. Someone else's work or to look for hidden patterns, but invariably that is one of the key steps too

figuring out what works in your field and then adapting some of those formulas to create new works, that's the key when you say copying. Other people do something about. being that doesn't you know we're told dont copy. You know you, You come up with your own way of doing things. You come up with your own idea. You know copy somebody else's yes and no to be clear. I am not suggesting that copying is the path to greatness. What I am suggesting is that the process of copying can teach you some of the sum of the trip of the trade that you can then apply in new ways by evolving some of those proven formulas, and one of the interesting things that I discovered while doing the research is that copying actually makes us more creative, not less and here's. Why? It's because the process of copying someone else's work,

opens our eyes up to decisions that we might have otherwise overlooked. In that experience of consider options that we normally would ignore makes us more creative in subsequent work. So there's research out at the university of Tokyo that had amateur artists, copy the work of an established painter and compare the different group that didn't go through that experience and was just told to create original work and what they found was that the process of copying the work of an established artist action, he made their subsequent paintings more creative and it wasn't by mimicking the style of the artists they copied. It was ngo being original and completely new ways, and I think MIKE what you're the key takeover here is that the last thing that you want to do and you're searching for novel ideas is to be stuck her own head creativity.

from blending ideas, not isolation, which is why this process of studying other people's work in an analytical way and looking for hidden patterns is so powerful. Still, you can look for patterns in other people's work and blend ideas and all the things you are talking about, but if you don't have the talent and you're not willing to put in the time and the practice, then you got nothing without question. There is no question that if you are born with particular strength that match or feel

You're going to have an easier time, excelling same is true for practice. If you have the right practice, regiment you're going to do much better, but there's a grant glaring problem with the notion that it takes ten thousand hours to succeed at any particular field, or that just practice generally is enough to get get you there, and that glaring problem is that you can't practice and idea you ve never considered the best ideas, don't emerge from hours of isolated practice there waiting to be found inside the work of masters which is what reverse engineering allows you to do, just because you can identify patterns in other people's work doesn't mean you can. Do it, though I mean I could spend years analyzing and reverse engineering, Michael Jordan's ability to play basketball, It's unlikely I will ever have the ability to play basketball like him. In the case of Michael Jordan, that's a physical sport

and without question there we're all gonna have particular physical limitations. invitation to that thinking. Is that reverse engineering, although it might not make you Michael Jordan, identifying what he's doing differently will likely improve your performance on the basketball court and enable you to guard against other players more effectively, and so, if we make it a black and white discussion of either I'm going to become Michael Jordan or this doesn't work, then most strategies are not going to work because, Michael Jordan is such a singular talent. What we should. Looking at is what's the quickest way to improve, what's the quickest way to him in moving our skills and wrote. This no question that reverse engineering can help us improve our skills in ways that go beyond simply simple practice by how much You know, there's no real. I can't point particular number, because it depends on your inborn ability.

It depends on how we you're going about reverse engineering. How well you are applying it there. So many factors there that make it difficult to pinpoint to give it. finish of answer again what I mean is. The implication is that if you reverse engineer greatness, you too can be great, and my question is: can you be great or can you may be better than you might otherwise have been tat, such a great question mike I don't know whether I can say definitively that you can be great, but do you know that if you ve given up on your dreams, because you are you become convinced by one of the two Conventional stories that a u dont, have the inborn talent or be you we have ten thousand hours or the ability to just practice practice practice for wait for a decade of time. Then this offers an alternative.

and to not just improving your skills, but allowing you to strive for some of the things that perhaps you ve given up on. How do you do it honey reverse engineer someone else's success, and how do you know what you're looking at is actually the reason that they got there? There are a wide variety of tax eggs for reverse engineering and all of them involve looking for clues. That reveal how an object was created. So it ultimately depends on what field your to reverse engineer, work, and so in the world of writing. Nonfiction authors will often go to the bibliography at the end of a work to identify the sources that went into creating it in the world of cooking shafts will offer- order food to go where they can place certain sauces on a white plate in parts out the ingredients. Sometimes I use a microscope photographers scan images for clues like the length of shadows that reveal the time of day and location of light source, the crew

Coping ultimately, is to not enjoy an object passively, but to continuously think how was this constructed? What can I learn from this? And how does the supply to a project I'm working on talking about peak performance and how to use reverse engineering to achieve it, and my guess is so- psychologists run friedman, author of the book decoding greatness. This episode is brought to you by caesar gourmet food for dogs. Your dog deserves the best, so give them what they ve always wanted. Real food for dogs, caesar wholesome balls are made with real chicken or beef as the first ingredients and fresh vegetables crafted with no artificial colors, flavors or preservatives caesar wholesome balls are great as a full meal, topper or snack for your best friend pickup Caesar some balls in the wet dog food I'll at any major retailer near you Caesar love them back.

Are you currently enjoying the show on the stitched up, then? You need to know. Sticker is going away on august, twenty nine yup going away as in conflict, guy's, dead, rest in peace dinner and thanks for fifteen years of service to the pod cast community, so switch to another part cast out then follow this show their apple, spotify or wherever you listen so Sometimes I think that in the question reverse engineer greatness to figure out what someone did to get to the top. Typically, you would look at their talent in their abilities, but some time, It isn't just talent and ability that propels you to the top. and so here, and so here's an example. Okay, so Let's say you want to be a great singer. a really successful singer and you could fall

besides how other great singer sing. But I've talked to enough people and using business it'll tell you that There's a lot of people who can sing really well, you to know how to play the game of being a success in the music business? and yes singing important, but there's a lot more, who had been that. So, if you're spending all your time perfecting your pitch and how you breathe, The way you pronounce words you're missing the boat. I love that example, because indicating greatness, I talk about, some of the formulas that musicians using are to be successful and why those formulas is standing out for other musicians and also evolving their approach over time. They some of the great like, for example, David, bowie and beyond, say what you'll is that every year or so they will evolve their image and that's a pattern to and they're doing it because they were, they

realize that if they continue to put out the same product album after album they're going to fade, and this is often what you see with many music with many musical acts is that they fade over time because they continue to bring out the same types of songs. The same look and feel, and that's an element that contributes to their success as musicians that you may pick up on unless you attempt to reverse engineer what they're really doing. So when you reverse engineer. What are you doing? Are you sitting down with a piece of paper and going ok? Also, let's see here, he did this and he did this. I mean. What's the process specifically, it depends on the particular field, but one of the things that are often plays a role is some I called zooming out. Zooming out essentially means elevating yourself to a higher love and evaluating what is really happening without staring at the details is the difference between standing,

close to a canvas and seeing the brush strokes and taking a few steps backwards, witnessing the totality of what is on the canvas and an example of this in writing. Is a process called reverse outlining so everyone has heard of outlining its what we do in middle school in high school, where we plan a paper in advance. By listing the major points, we intend to address in the various sections of our paper: reverse outlining, entails working backwards and outlining the major points contained within a completed peace. So it's a simple process, but in power, where's you to uncover hidden structures within the work of public of a var authors other than yourself. So I can tell you: I've taught riding on the on the graduate level and on the undergraduate level, and one of the things that you too People is to reverse outlined because Wednesday reverse outline. They can't help but see certain paragraphs, aren't contributing anything.

You can also do this with the works of published authorised to identify what it is. That's happening over the trajectory of a essay or of a book now reverse outlining, goes beyond right, marketers can use it to reverse outline memorable advertisements consultants. Can you to reverse outlined successful proposals. Podcast Can use it to outline a programme structure and when Do that you're able to pick up on things that you might otherwise miss that can help contribute to your evolving, the form in a new way, and what about that? You know that the idea that which I think is kind of in bread in how we approach success, is you know yet that's good that work for him Second work for you. You have to come up with your own way of doing things because his work, isn't going to be your way, I'm glad you brought that up, because the truth is someone else's formula.

huge, simply try to reproduce it. The chances you being able to pull it off in a way that feels authentic to you are low and are given. ample were actually reverse engineer. A ted talk actually them, but one of the most popular ted talks of all time can robinson and I looked to see what he is doing within that talk and try to show people how they can reverse engineer. Other ted talks to identify with the former is, and also evolving in a way that feels authentic to them, and one of the things that you discover when you analyze can robinsons TED talk is that he actually relies on very few facts. Although he's in education expert, he actually just conveys us one fact throughout the entire talk now he's able to do that, because he's an education expert actually relies on anecdotes and storytelling to become persuasive to tattoos audience. But if you're, not an education expert, you might not, you might feel like you actually do, need some facts and present a persuasive talk or it

another thing that can Robinson does is a. He relies on a lot of jokes. What, if you're, not funny when it for that your personality, and so what I tried to tell People is that you don't need to just simply identify a single formula. Often the best for the best outcomes can come about You reverse engineer four or five or six examples really resonate with you and pick out the elements that feel like they would work best for in your particular circumcised yes, and so it's not about finding of a single formula and then utilizing it in your for yourself, but rather being inquisitive about what it is. It's working, and how might I apply this to what I'm working on Why certainly see the value of finding someone else who is successful and deconstructing reverse engineering their success. But I guess what wondering is Y know that when I and if I were the reason they were successful, is they did it this way,

how do I know that? That's really the reason that they were so zestful they might have been successful because they were put good and they knew the right person or they were at the right place at the right time? How do I No, what I think is the reason for success is actually the reason for success and then my success on of that. I dont think that what we are trying to do here is reverse engineer one particular persons career path. What we're trying to identify are what makes a particular work within a given field so impact full, and I think that is a crucial difference, because we're not trying, for example, to recreate, might if we, if I want to write a great book, I might say to myself. While that malcolm Gladwell. He's really successful. Why don't? I just try to figure out what he's doing and copying it. That probably is likely to do not work in france

some of the reasons I mentioned, which is that audience expectations tend to evolve and also because we malcolm Gladwell did in the early to fail. This was unique at the time and is no longer quite is unique, like to get like one really solid example of somebody. We might know that that right, verse, engineered someone else's success and used it to be successful and you say Barack obama is a perfect example. I'll explain that will long before he became president obama was a dreadful speaker trounced in his first congressional race and that's a little bit hard for people to believe and the reason that he did not succeed as a speaker is because he had been a law prefer and was used to lecturing students. Voters didn't appreciate lecture to, and they let him know at the ballot and after that stinging loss

a while Obama actually considered leading politics until he noticed way that pastors delivered sermons at church and he started applying that approach to speeches, and so when he came back to politics, he started use now telling more stories. He was modulating his tone he was using petition. To drive home points in what obama's story illustrates. Is that often the quickest path to success isn't finding your talent or practicing harder? It's about plucking strategy. That work in other fields and in them and then importing them into your own. Well, it's interesting is listening to you speak out. I'm thinking that without knowing what I was doing have done this several times in my life in my career in my personal life, I've done what you're talking about where I've kind of where's engineered what people who are good at it do and then too to emulate them in my own way. So it's interesting to hear that that, but that its

get em at way to achieve success. Run Friedman been my guests. The name of his book is decoding. Greatness. And you'll find a link to his book at amazon in the show notes, thanks for being here run, I enjoyed it. Thank you for your time in spring and summer when you go outside it seems there are always flies waiting to bother. You they buzz around your head. They land on your food and on your drinks. They can be a constant annoyance and when you take it, to account all the species of flies which includes mosquitos, something I didn't know until today fly Are your almost constant summertime, companion and pest so what our flies where they come from do they serve any useful purpose and is? their anywhere in the world that doesn't have flies with the answer.

These questions in more is biologists, Jonathan balcombe he's the author book called superfly, the unex, did lives of the world's most successful insects. A jonathan welcome I might great to be here So, let's start with some facts. What is it we know about flies on the planet, earth flies or a major group in the most successful group of animals on earth, insect insects make about eighty percent of all known species and flies make up about a hundred and sixty thousand of those, and estimated there maybe is five times as many on earth that are yet to be described by us, But there are massive group there, like the entrepreneurs of insects there very nimble, they're very clever. They do a lot of raising things, how they interact with other species and their environments. And so that's kind of why I wanted to talk about these these animals and so at any. given moment? How many flies are there in the world its estimated

there are twenty million flies about twenty million flies for every human so if you do the numbers that puts them in niger quadrillion. I think this is where there is estimated to be quintilian of insects. Tat one with. eighteen zeros after it? So there's just huge numbers and when, when we talk about flies, we talk about power flies, horsfall as dragonflies? Are they all flies? He has confusing no some of those are horse lies our dear flies, mosquitoes there's a lot obscure ones, but dragon flies or not. That's another group beetles, of course, have wings people know. Beetles aren't flies, was some bees are not flies their hymen options. So there's quite a few of winged insects. A lot of them are flies, but not all of them. So when I think of a fly, I think of, like the common house fly that's the thing and I remember having a conversation I think on this podcast with somebody about what what purpose could they

possibly serve not just flies, but just insects. In general, I mean I mean I'm sure they have their own purpose, which is to multiply and keep making more flies, but but but but they seem to move more trouble than are worth, which is why we swat them in smacked amends ray them and try to kill him yeah it's easy to get how useful they are. Many people may not know it all. Hence the question better We want. A measure applies value in terms of human benefits. They certainly do better thus in huge ways, possibly the most prominent. Those things is that their pollinators, that they are its ranks second only to the bees and washed his apologies is it an alpine and northern regions? There are the champions of pollinate. and it's estimated that the value of insects as pollinators to humans is about, over half a trillion dollars a year. The total commercial value of pollination of plants, crops that we eat

and flies, or a huge part of that there also important those waste disposal. They clean up dead, rotting bodies and poop. They clean up huge amounts of and sure that's gross, but hey would be living in a mac, much less clean and pestilential in a much more pestilential planet. If we didn't have lies, and the other really critical point here is that there are very important members of food webs. There is predator. Some parasites themselves? They consume a lot of creatures, but there are consumed by many, so it flies disappeared. The food webs would collapse. The planet with would essentially collapse into chaos, and we wouldn't survive that event. Probably now, let's go that's really surprising these me new respect for flies, but they they certain are annoying and when winter eyes annoy people when they when their buzzing around it there. I assume there just looking for something to eat. For the most part, that's right, the other thereof.

of course, in the case of a mosquito horse fly. The food thereafter is, is that lovely lacquer that we have coursing through our bodies, blood but also your house flies zipping along here arm. I was visited by many house lies researching my book. I asked, I quite like the tickle of them, but most people would rather they not be there, but yeah they're looking for scraps and they have this proboscis on their mouth and they have this wonderful ability to use it as a as both a of squeezing as a set of a squeaky mob, so they can release fluid through the mob through the preposterous to liquid I food on the surface, and then they can invite it. They can last second up through the preposterous soda, very, very complex organ, a very use organ for them to get by terms of pests and an that's everything, it did, worth mentioning the bad side of flies is that they are they parasatize us. The for our blood, some of them do and there also

vectors of diseases such as, of course, malaria, zika, yellow fever, fortunately not covered by annex crop. Pests quote unquote past, because I suppose that's how we I garage them. So in those ways there that's the bad side of flies but to you know, they're just indispensable, and I just want to add that they are also very useful. We know or about genetics thanks to flies. The fruit flies through the darling of genetics, research and their also crime, solvers their capacity to locate a dead body. It's great speed and with greater piracy has led to many murder convictions and also examination, ended The thing I wanted to mention there in terms of the utility to us beyond being pollinators and waste disposal is the day. we are also used in medicine is wound for wound healing. They have properties that lend itself very well too killing intractable wounds, which is diabetic, also risen and the like so wait a minute, let's go

as to how they solve crimes. I explained that I mean you can't say: hey Freddy. The fly go, find this body like you, might tell a dog, so how did they find bodies? And how do we know that's what they're doing freddie flying fines? The dead body by his home resumed her own resources there, their sense of chemicals Well, if you like, is so acute that there are very quick to recognise the presence of a dead, the dead body in the vicinity, so they will come along and they will land on the on the carcass and they will start their life history, which in that case is not so much food, although that is something they will use it. They will use the carcass for, but mainly it's to lay eggs those eggs hatch out on a particular schedule, depending on the species in the weather conditions them.

Gets feed on the carcass and if, by looking at the carcass and the stage of development at the maggots forensic entomologists, which is the specialists who specialise in this rather morbid field, they can determine, took two two within our, the time of death of the of the victim and that's really critical piece of information that the amount of time that lapses there their death and that's why? evidence from insects has led many many times too exaggerations, as well as convictions and murder cases, wait and wait, though it's it's not that the the flies off finding the body in their if they're, following the flies to locate them it. It's not that I know it's me. it's more a case of not knowing where the carcasses and then when it when somebody's body is discovered in the woods and could be day. Or weeks later, the development of the stages of develop the evidence either left by flies or still present by the flies allows

the researchers, the entomologists determined to very closely long ago it was it that body died and that can be very import piece of evidence in terms of knowing the whereabouts of the idea of us of a suspect or suspects. In the case I should add, Michael that there is quite a lot of research, the ongoing has been done in the past, including at the university of tennessee. When I was a grad student there there's a place, the body farm which is accordant off area. Many acres of woodland than other habitats and the same actually place dead human bodies there. They have to get special permission to do this and then they get, de the baseline data on when and what kind of flies arrive. Of course, it's only specific to the particular jog geographical regions. This kind of research is going a lot going on around the world when flies, maggots are be flies basically right new right, yes,

I don't know much about insects, but it seems it most. Animals, don't lay their eggs on their food, but flies seem to do that. Yes, there typically lay their eggs on their food. Why? Well they he'd, and then they gives earth headstart for their young by laying eggs on the on the carcass or the poop or the never food source, it isn't it and there are flies. You eat more grable things such as nectar and in such better What, by laying the eggs there, you give a good head start to your young also, so it's a fool source for the young. That's correct, yeah, a bit with the wound healing I mention that that's the same case it's it's gross to think about, but these maggots, which are contained in a pouch like a sort of like a teabag, a mesh pouch their feeding on democratic tissue. You that's not going to heal and that may have

humble bacteria in these little maggots eat that they consume that they they scoured out. Then there than the scaring there, the rasping mouth parts to clean the wound. They don't eat fresh good tissue. There only go for thee, rotting, nick product tissue, So that's why they're so valuable healing, intractable wounds. So knowing what you know about flies when you're sitting a picnic in one lands on your hot dog. Do you still eat the hot? On its a great question, it depends, I think, I'd bobby a bit off. I'd Bobby, given little wipe just just to be on this. Inside your fly The house flies are definitely contaminated, often because of the sum of the types of an unsavory items that their attracted to and they can mechanically. for a from wanting to another so yeah. I think you know covering food is a good idea and if, if a fly lands on something, then

If you get off to a good idea, there was a study done actually and more people were grossed out by the presence of cockroaches on their food than flies. But it's it's been suggested as data that says the cockroaches are a little bit cleaner than flies. That's interesting here yet make people because flies world color roger picnic in land on your food peoples. You know, waved their arms get rid of him, but they still go ahead and eat the food, because tonight, if we throw it all away. Well, nobody would eat anything. Yes in it rising biologists in a border area where there is food chaos outside, I think it was in Guatemala, nay, They wanted to impress upon the food vendors that the flies do transfer bad things to our and what they did was they sprinkled. A white flour. I think it was on the latrines near by and then a few hours later little bits of white flour were showing up in the footprints of the flies. You'd gone from the trains to the food food outlets,

that was one way of demonstrating in the vendor started, covering up there shoot after that here is it possible. To go anywhere in the world and there not be flies. I can tell you there found on all seven continents, and I believe that the only group of insects that can make that claim so in that basis, perhaps not of course, in the depths of winter in the antarctic, You'Re- probably not you're, not going to have any mosquitoes buzzing around you, but to you. Stay until summer- and you probably will, if a fly, I mean how to flies get around like to do flies like hiding suitcases and then, when you get to your destination and open your suitcase, the fly pops out and and and off he goes, and neither do they ve tried that way or do they just fly where they fly on their owner. How did they get around yeah? Most Dispersal is a gorgeous using their wings, but I've seen I've seen flies in an enlarged aircraft on intercontinental flights, and I think you know is that fly getting away

her figure. Occasionally. Some of those lies exit the plane on landing when the doors open Imagine if maybe a bewildering h experience for a fly too They find themselves in nairobi when they left new york nine hours earlier, so for sure, because of their omnipresent and their ability to move quickly. They will definitely help to disperse you mentioned suitcases and have to just add that flies are incredibly good at getting into tight spaces, not so much the adults, but it the larvae, the little maggots, the very small, their small maggots and actually can can crawl between the teeth of a suitcase zipper that little bit event action is proved useful in again back into this friends, entomology cases where murderers have have hidden their victims in in suitcase in that the flies can get in there and access that again. Today, the trail of evidence as to when and where that it that victim was killed. Talk about her

flies relate to each other. Do they mate for life today a mess around. Did I have girlfriends in boy friends, we did that, whatever? How did they communicate with each other? That kind of thing? Yet, sure do mess around the flies have very colorful sex lives. I like to say that the fly sex comes in fifty shades of brown. They have a cordial, songs, they have wing fanning, they have curses some quite complex courtship. as you get male male competition, where males will square often fights, but do they live in communities? Where did they go at night? How long? do they live that kind of thing? Well, most of the lifespan of most insects is in the larval stage is a short egg period is the same with caterpillars, turning into butterflies and mass, so the larvae need maybe a couple of weeks to mature and then they, the adult period,

Actually there adult period of some flies can be in months. That's a lot of small ones. Midges in such it may be a day or less so It varies quite a bit not surprising, with such diverse group of insects, so the house fly buzzing around my house that that I then see on the window sill a couple days later may have lived a good long life. Some of them Some of them may have. Indeed, I have to tell you MIKE I rescue them out of my my house sites. It just give me a good feeling to libya. the main you know, if I see them buzzing, bouncing against the wind windowpane happens in the warmer months. It's fun to take them out and let them fly well, but that's hard to do when I was going to ask you about their very hard to catch their very hard to hit, because what because? Why It's a way of escaping predators, they're they're, great speed is probably because they have a history of being passed through other humans, primate

other animals with swatting tales. You know when you cows in the field in the summer or horses, those tales swatting constantly they're, not swatting at marshmallow. This wording. It flies. So am I think flies. Speed and guile is a product of their unpopularity among other animals. Member hearing I dont remember from who but seems like they were a credible source that flies experienced time differently that, although we think we're swatting a fly really fast, this flies the fly perceives us is moving, very slow and they they have tons of time in flight. To get out of the way. I love that idea to it gets question over, you know, what's the experiencing a fly, and I want to just make a note here that flights have been shown in export, close, careful experiments to have an attention span. They do have some cognitive skills. So the question of whether there alert or conscious does come to mind all the flu

around my house in that are outside. Where did they go at night? They live in a community. Do they just sit in a tree? They hang out with their girl friend what what were we are they? Their property were the kind of places where let's go at night, you know, we see them in the day, they're all over the place, they're calling their flying everywhere and then, Where are they, of course, some birds that the night, and there are some flies active at night, but most of them, as you say that they go to bed somewhere. Where are they might mice? My guess is, and I say. This is not an expert answer. I dont remember researching this. They problem just find nooks and perched quietly there they do sleep. I can tell you that flies. Do sleep and so they are probably doing what birds do. They find a quiet perch that sir, on an outer limb mandatory in the case of birds and bags, under an eve or under a little bit of bar in the case of flies and they hide their for the night and all going well, they'll be ready to resume their activities. And next morning you mention

at the beginning, that there are thousands and thousands of species of flies and probably thousands of species that have yet to be discovered but of the species we know is there any species that like really is particularly interesting or the view that you find fascinating. Allow me to give a bizarre want. Botz lies eyes. just mentioned a bit about them to something I thought was fascinating about their life. History. Bot flies are quite large, bumbling flies, they dont have any mouth parts, they dont feed as adults, and they in they get their maggots inside our body in the maggots feed on as it's kind of gross, but it's also pretty morbidly fascinating. How did they address the maggot entered our body and how that happens is really I think, an interesting situation that involves a courier involves the involvement of another fly. So what about fly? Does a female whose ready to delay eggs she perch and look for a mosquito. Hopefully, a female mosquito cause, it's only females, invite us and I missed

it comes by butterfly flies out grabs. The mosquito temporarily holds the mosquito captive while she lays an egg on the mosquito, then let the mosquito go the egghead, into a maggot which crossed the mouth. Parts of robust if the mosquito that biting mouth part and then when the mosquito, if from the bob flies perspective and the mosquitoes the events of mosquito successful in finding someone to bite, and, of course this need not necessarily be human, it could be a rhino or another mammal, then the mosquito bites the little maggot cross down them. Preposterous gets onto the hosted the tools being bitten. ghetto withdraws, flies away and then the little maggot crawl through the whole left by the mosquito to start his or her little bit of several. We, the development and growing inside the the host before hatching out and dropping under the ground and pew painting and eventually becoming another at all, but fly. That's just disgusting understand

fact: this whole conversation has been kind of gross but interesting, nonetheless, Jonathan outcome has been my guest he's, a biologist and author of the book, superfly the unexpected lives of the world, most successful insects, and we'll find a link to that book at amazon and the show notes next Jonathan we're coming on thanks MIKE, it's been a real pleasure growing up. I imagine we all receive some variation on the same advice that you need to go. Outside play outdoors, be a nature that it's good for you to be outdoors How good is it well there? actually been studies regarding the effects of nature on kids and their development, and it turns out mother nature, does know best simply being outdoors and interacting with nature has shown to reduce stress, gets kids more folk. And even enhances a child's emotional and social development ones

daddy in environment and behaviour magazine said that the more natural surroundings, even them greenery around the home, the more significant the stress reduction, even team, benefited from being outdoors, they showed increase. esteem independence, initiative and more interaction with nature, and that something you should know if you enjoyed this podcast Remember. There are literally hundreds of or something you should know episode you can listen to. Most of them are evergreen and I'm sure, if you went back through the list of episode, You would find something you enjoy. I might carruthers eggs. For listening today to something you should know

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