The following is a conversation with IRAN brook one of the best known objective as philosophers and thinkers in the world objective. Ism is the philosophical system developed by ayn rand that she first expressed in her fiction books, the fountainhead, an atlas shrugged and later in nonfiction essays in books. Iran is the current chairman of the board at the island, where necessary to host of the urine brook show and the co author of

free market revolution. Equal is unfair and several other books, where he analyzes systems of government, human behavior and the human condition. From the perspective of objectivism, quick mention of a sponsor, followed by some thoughts related to the episode blinkist, an app I use for reading through summaries of books express vpn, the vpn I've used for many years to protect my privacy on the internet and cash app. The app I used to send money to friends, please check out the sponsors in the description to get a discount and what this package. As aside no let me say that our first read atlas shrugged and the fountainhead early in college, along with many other literary and philosophical works from nature. Heidegger can't lock, foucault, wittgenstein and, of course, all the great existentialist from care regard

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for young minds around the world and now he's not conversation with IRAN. Brook Let me ask the biggest possible question: first sure: what are the principles of life? Well, I think it's still live with with thought that is to live a rational life to to think it through. I think so. Many people are in a sense, zombies out there

We're alive, but I really alive cause their mind, is not focused. The mind is not focused on what do I need to do in order to live a great life? So too many people just go through the motions of living rather than really embrace life, so I I think the secret to living a great life is to take it seriously and when it means to take it seriously is to use the one tool that makes us human. The one tool that provides us with all the values that we have if our mind a reason to use it, apply it to living like people apply to their work, they play it to they math problems to science. To tackle gaming, but imagine if they use that same energy that same focus that same concentration to actually living life and choosing values that they should pursue. That would that would change the world and it would change their lives yet. Actually you know I wear the silly suit and tie

it symbolizes to me always makes me feel like I'm taking them it really seriously. I think that's really that's right and, and each one of us has different ways to kind of condition, our consciousness I'm serious. Now and and for you, it's it's a suit and tie it's a it's a conditioning of your consciousness too. Now I focus now I'm at work. Now I am doing my thing and- and I think that's that's terrific, and I I wish everybody took that look I mean it's a cliche, but we only live once every minute if you like, he never gonna live again. This is lee valuable in end. Would people people don't have that deep respect for the life. They won't time for their own mind and if they did again,

you know one could only imagine look it up. Productive people are looking at amazing things they produce and they do in their work and if they apply that to everything while so you can attack. Where reason: where does the the kind of existential ist idea of sperience, maybe be you fully experiencing all the moments verses fully thinking through, is there are interesting lie to separate the two big. Why such an emphasis on reason for life well lived verses just enjoy like experience. Hence we must, I think, experience in a sense is the easy part, I'm not saying it's it's it's. How we experienced delay

if that we live, and yes, I'm all with the take time to to to value what you value, but I think I don't think that's the problem of people out there. I don't think the problem. Is they not taking time to appreciate where they are on what they do. I think it's it. They don't use the mind in this one respect in planning their life in thinking about how to live, The focus is on reason, because it's our only source of knowledge, there's no other sources We don't know anything with it. You know that does not come from us. hence as an arm in arm. I the integration of the of the evidence of our senses. Now we know stuff, but our selves- and I think it important to no one self through introspection and account. Consider that part of reasoning is no interest. It is the interests back but I think reason his undervalued, which is funny to say because it. Means of survival attack human beings survive, we cannot see,

This is why I disagree with so many scientists and people like somehow regime is the same house before the show went up when I programmed To know how to hunt when a programme to do agriculture when a programme to bill computers and build networks in which we can pack cast and do our chosen, all of that requires effort. It requires focus it requires. Energy and it requires. Will it requires somebody to will it it requires somebody to choose it and once you make that choice you have to engage at choice means that your choosing to engage your reason in discovery in it. ration and then in work to change the world in which we live and in all human beings at the discover figure will solve the problem of hunting hunting. You know everything so that easy I've seen the move

better human beings had to figure out how to do it right. You you, you can't run down a bison and bite into it fate young, to catch it Enoch. If you have no thanks to bite into it, you have to build weapons, you have to build tools, you have to create traps you have to, strategy. All of that requires reason, so the most important thing that allows human beings to survive and to thrive in every value, from the most simple to the most sophisticated for them of material to, I believe the most spiritual requires thinking so stopping and appreciating the moment is, is Something that I think is relatively easy once you have a plan once you ve thought through once you know what your values are invisible

I think people make they attain the values and they just and they just they don't take a moment to savor that and to appreciate that and to even pat themselves on the back that they did it right. But that's not what screwing up world with screwing up the world is that people have the wrong values and they don't think about them and they don't really focus on them and they don't have a plan for their own life and how to live. if we look at human nature, you're saying the fundamental big thing that we need to consider as our capacity like a capability to reason. Said. To me reason: is this massive evolutionary achievement in quoting If you think about any other sophisticated animal, everything has to be coded. everything has to be written in the hard way it has to be there and they have to. A solution, fairy outcome, and if there is no solution, animal dight, typically with animal, suffers in some way.

Human beings have this capacity of over. They have this capacity. It does not. It sought out kepler was in a sense. It is nothing they. Obviously we have a nature The mines are brains are structured in particular way, but given the yeah. We have the ability to turn it on or turn it off. We have the ability to commit suicide to to to reject one nature, to work against thou interests, not to use the tool that evolution has provided us with the witches this mind, which is reason so that choice that fundamental choice, you know or or a hamlet says it right to be it should be, but to be or not to be is to think an ought to think to engage or not to engage the focus or not the focus. You know in the in the moral When you get up a kind of you know, you're, not you know really completely. They kind of out of focus and stuff

it requires an act of will to say. Ok, I'm awake, I've got stuff to do some people never do it. Some people live in that Hayes and they never engage that mind and inward. When you, when you sitting and try to sober a complex computer program problem or math bob, you have that turn something on you have that in a sense, it exerts certain energy to focus on the problem to do it, and that is not determined in a sense that you have the focus youtube. to focus and you could choose not to focus and that choice is more powerful than any other. Like part of our brain always borrowed from fish and from our evolutionary origins. Like this, wherever this crazy little leap and evolution is that allowed us to think is more so having else so, I think newer scientists Pretend they know a lot more about the brain and they really do

and that we know are required. I really am don't know that much yet about how the brain functions of what's a fish and what you know all this stuff. So I think what would exists. There is a lot of potential realities, but the beauty of the human brain is its it potentiality is that we have the manifest through our choices. It's there it sitting, then. Yes, this sudden things they get evoke certain census certain feelings and that even saying emotions, because I think emotions are too complex to have been programmed it online. But I don't think so you know is big issue of evolutionary psychologists, huge right now and it's a big issue here. I find it to logic, stand as way too early and in story telling about expo storytelling about

stuff, we still don't. You have some example. I would like to civil evolutionary psychology differentiate between things like inclinations, feelings, emotions, sensation, thoughts, concept, ideas, What of those are programmed and what of those are developed and chosen and a product of reason? I think anything from emotion to abstract ideas is all chosen is all a product of reason and everything before that we might be programmed for, but the fact is so clearly a sensation is not a product of you know is is is something that we feel because that's how I ball as he works. So until we have these categories and until we

You clearly specify what is what and where did they come from the whole discussion? Evolution psychology seems to me, rambling. It doesn't seem to be scientific, so we have to define our terms a unit which is the basis of science. You have to have Some some clear definitions about what we're talking about it when you ask them these questions is never really a coherent ants about what is it exactly and everybody is afraid of the issue of free will, and I think I think some extent I mean Harris as this in I don't want to misrepresent anything houses cause. I the euro and the fan, and I like a lot of stuff it But on the one hand, it is obviously intellectually active and wants to change our minds, so he believes that we have some. Ass if to choose another hand, he's undermining the capacity to choose by thing is, is determined to going to choose what you choose

you have no say, and it is actually know you he is so it's a it. Also. They that's timmy, completely unscientific, that's completely him. You know are pulling it out of nowhere. We all experienced the fact that we have an ai that kind of certainty, saying that we do not have that fundamental choice. The reason provides is unfounded, currently look there's a sense in which it can never be contradicted, because it's a product of your experience. Is it not a product of experience? You can experience it directly, so no science will ever prove that the state

Well, listen here, I can see it it's here, but I can't I can feel it I I know I have free workers like an interest, acted in a sense. I can see it. I can see myself engaging it and that is as valid as the evidence of my senses. Nightcap point added to that, you can see the same thing I'm seeing, but you can do the same thing in your own consciousness in you can identify the same thing and to deny that in the name of science is to get things upside down. You start with that and that's the beginning of sight, the beginning of sizes, identification that I choose and that I can reason and it now. I need to figure out the mechanism, the walls of reasoning, the walls of logic that that you know how this work and that we signed comfort? Of course, it's possible that science, like for my place of ai, would be able to, if very

well to engineer, cautiousness or understand me very difficult because we're so far away from it now, but understand how the actual mechanism that consciousness- Just then a fact this table is not real there. We can determine that eta. Exactly how our mind construct the reality that we perceive than then you can start to make interesting, but am I am? I doesn't construct a reality, the see the value would perceive. Is there we proceed If a reality that exists there now and weaknesses, in particular ways, given the nature of our senses right, a bat perceives the stable differently, but it still the same table with the same characteristics and same identity. It's just a matter of We use eyes, they use a radar system too. You know that you sound waves to perceive it, but it stop. Their existence exist whether we exist or not, and so

you could create. I mean I don't know how and I dont know if it's possible, but let's say you could create a consciousness. Wait and I suspect that to do that, you would have to use biology, not just electronics, but you know the way outside makes beneath because consciousness, as far as we know, is a phenomenon of life, and you would have to figure out how to create life before you created consciousness. I think, But if you did that, then that wouldn't change anything all would says we have another conscious being cool, that's great, but he wouldn't change then, nature of our consciousness. Our consciousness is what it is by respect. So this very interesting. I think this is a good way to set the table for discussion of objective. Is Let me at least challenge a thought experiment, which is a I know if you're familiar with Donald hoffman's work about reality, so his ideas that we're just our perception is just an interface to reality.

So don't happen is the is the guy. You see your vine, yes, I've met us and I've seen as video and look down. is not invented anything new. This goes back to ancient philosophy, limited as stating that somebody has to guess. People are familiar, and it's a fascinating thought experiment to me like of out of the box. Thinking, perhaps literally, is that in all our there's a different there's, a guy between the world as we perceive it the world as it actually exists, and I think that's for the philosophy objective is a really important gap to close the canoe, maybe at least try to entertain the idea that that there is more reality that our minds can perceive? Well, I understand? What more me right, of course more to reality than what our senses perceive. That is, for example, I don't know sudden a certain elements have

radiation, right, uranium hazard I can't see radiation the bill If human reason is I can I can through experimentation. Discover the phenomena of radiation, then actually measure radiation and and worry about it. I can't perceive the world the way a bat perceives the world and I might not be able to see some things that are, but I can we've created radar, so a win stan how about perceives the world, and I can mammy kid through a radar screen and creed and images like the bad. It's consciousness somehow perceives it rightness. So the beauty of human reason is our capacity to understand the world. Beyond what our senses give us directly the end. Everything comes into our senses, but we can understand things at our senses, don't provide a bit. But what he's doing is these do something very different? He is saying what our senses provides. Us might have nothing to do with the reality out there,

That is just a random, arbitrary, nonsensical statement and he actually has whole evolutionary foliation floyd, when some simulations simulation scene? I mean I'm not an expert in this field, but they seem silly to me that they don't seem to reflect and look all these doing is taking email accounts philosophy we article exactly the same cause any giving it avenue of of of evolutionary ideas. I am not an expert on evolution and a ban on exports on epistemological, which is what this is so to me, as as semi layman, it doesn't make any sense since- and I ve no right- I'm actually in I have- I have this year-

one book show, I don't know if I'm allowed to pitch it, but I've got tissue on the actual honor. So let me pause anew huge fan of the show. I listen to very often as a small aside. The cool thing about reason, which you practice is you have a systematic way of thinking through? Basically anything yet and that's so fun- listen to these rare that I think, there's. Laws in your logic, but even then its fund could I'm begged disagreeing with the screen went on That's great. My somebody disagrees with me and they give good arguments because that makes a challenging, I say so saw? One of the shows I want to do in the next few weeks is: is one of my philosophy being one of my flask offence to discuss the video that they hoffman away. He presents Stevie because, because it surprises me, how seductive

is, and it seems to me so puzzle completely counter to it a bit by bit because you know if somehow, we managed to cross the road and not get hit by the car, and if our our our senses did not provide, is any information about what's actually going on a reality? How do we do that that and not not to mention built computers not to mention, fly to the moon and actually land on the moon and if reality is not giving us information about the moon, if our senses and are giving us information about the moon, how did we get there and what did where did we go? Maybe we didn't go anywhere, and it's just it's nonsensical to me and it's it's a it's a very bad place or philosophically because it basically says there is no objective standard. anything there is objective reality you come up with anything. You could argue anything in this. No methodology right. My! I believe that, at the end of the day, what we and allows us to do, is provides us with a methodology for truth and at the end

the day, for every claim that I make, I should be able to boil down to see their look. You ve ever done, of the senses is right. Then, when you take that away, knowledge is gone and truth is gone, and that opens up to be a complete disaster, so you know than to me wise, compelling to at least entertain the idea, First, all shakes of the mine a little bit to force you to go back to first principles asked the question. What do I really know and the second part of that today enjoy, is It's a reminder that we very little to be a little bit more humble. So if reality doesn't exist at all is before you start thinking about it. I think it's really nice wake up, call

I think what wait a minute. I don't really know much about this universe. That humbleness, I think something I'd like to ask you about. In terms of reason, when you, you can become very confident. In your ability to understand the world, if you practice reason offer and I feel like he can lead to a stray, because you can start to think its asylum law. Psychology in psychologists have the certainty about the understand,

in the human condition which is undeserved. You know you on a study with a fifty people and you think you can understand the source of all the cigarettes or disorders all these kinds of things that similar kind of trouble, I feel like you- can get into with it when you, when you overreach with reason. So I don't think there is such a thing as overreaching with reason, but there are bad applications of reason, they're, bad uses of reason or all of the pretense of using reason. I think I've heard of the psychological studies or pretense of using reason and and the psychologist have never really taken a sewer, stack class or series econometrics class, or they used statistics in weird ways that just don't make any sense and that's a myth. That's not reason right that. That's just bad thinking right! So I I don't think you can do too much good thing,

and that's what reason is its good thinking at now that the fact that you try to use reason does not guarantee you won't make mistakes it doesnt guarantee you won't be long. It doesnt guarantee you won't, go down a rabbit hole and in and completely get it wrong, but it does give you the only existing mechanism to fix it. which is going back to reality, go Magda fact going back to reason and an end getting out of the rabbit hole and getting up back to reality. So I agree with you that it's interesting to think about these what I can set a crazy ideas, because it away what what is my argument about them. If I don't really have a good outcome about them and do I know what I know so in that sense it always nice to be challenged and pushed, and- and oriented. You know the nice thing about objective ism is everybody's. Doing that to me all the time, because nobody agrees with me on anything so

constantly be challenged, whether its in it by half minute on metaphysics and epistemology rate on the very foundations of analogy and ethics, everybody constantly and in in politics all the time. So I I find that it's part of you know. I prefer that everybody there's a sense in which I prefer that everybody agreed with me because I think we live in a better world but there's a sense in which their disagreement makes it at least up to a point makes it interesting and challenging and forces you to be able to to rethink or to confirm your thinking into challenge there. Thinking can you try to do the impossible task and give a whirlwind introduction to I'm rand, the many side around so I ran the human being. I ran the novelist, and I ran the philosopher. Who was, I ran sure so so

her life story is, is one that I think is is fascinating, and but it also lend itself to this integration of all of these things she was wont to petersburg russia. nineteen o five too, can have a middle class family jewish family. They they own the pharmacy father on the pharmacy. and you know she grew up. She grew up She was a very She knew what you wanted to do and what you wanted to be from a very young age. I think from the age of nine. She knew she wanted to be a writer. She wanted to write stories. That was the thing she wanted to do. And day, you know she focused her life after that. On this goal of I wanna- be a novelist I want to write and the philosophy was incidental to that in a sense, at least until at some point in her life,

We witnessed the russian revolution little, he had happen outside. They lived a a in ST petersburg where the first kind of demonstrations and ender of the revolution happened. So she witnessed it. She lived through it as a teenager. Went to school under the soviets, therefore, while they they they were under, can have their in The black sea, where the opposition government was willing- and indeed they were, they would go back and forth between the economies in the white paper. But she experienced what communism was like. She saw the pharmacy being taken away from a family. She saw They apartment being taken away or other other families being brought into the apartment here where he lived in and it was very clear- given how nature given views even at a very young age that she would not survive the system. A lot of effort was put into how do we get had it? How did she get out and her family was really helpful in this

and she had a cousin in cousin in Chicago and she had been studying, can a film at the university and in her twenties. This is in her twenties early twenties. And lenin. There was a small window will then it was a blowing some people to leave on this concept since circumstances and she managed to get out to go. Do research on film in in the united states everybody knew. Everybody who knew her knew she would ever come back that this is a one way ticket and she got out you made it to chicago spent fuel to chicago, and then headed hollywood. She wanted to write scripts. There was there was the I was there. The goal is this short woman from russia with a strong accent, learning English, showing up in hollywood and do you know I want to be a script via in english, in english, writing in english and

however, one of these fairytale stories, but it's true, shows up at the scene of b demille studios as she she has a letter of introduction from her cousin in chicago horns. A movie theater. and this is in the nineteen, ah the late nineteen twenties and she shows up there with this letter and they say you know, don't call us we'll call you complain and she steps out. And it this massive convertible, and in a convertible lucy should be developed and he's driving slowly, pastor right at the entrance of the studio and she stared at him, and he stopped the colony says. You know why you staring at me and she says you know she tells him story for russia, and you know when I want to make it in the movies. I wanna be a script writer one day and he says well, if you wanna, if you want that, you don't get in the car, she gets in a car and he takes her to the a of his studio where the filming the king of kings, the story of Jesus He says he has passed for week. If you want a beer, if you

no wait for the movies. You better known, movies, a mate and ass, you better spends a week and as she spends more time there, she managed to get an extension. She lands a be an extra in the movie, so you can see. I ran there in the in the the masses when Jesus is walking by and then she meets a future hudson and on the sets of of the king of king. She lives up getting married, getting her american citizenship that way as she lands up doing as an ends, jobs in hollywood living in a tiny little apartment somehow making a living. Her husband was an actor he was seen. Are struggling, actors were difficult times, and in the evenings study english writing, waiting, writing writing and studies, thinning studying and she- finally makes it by weight. play that it is successful in in nam, In a and ultimately goes to broadway,

Is she whites? Her first novel is sir novel car with a living, which is the most autobiographical of all her novels, it's about a young woman in the soviet union. It's a powerful story, a very movie story, and probably, if not the best one of these, asked portrayal of life under communism and the eu The book definitely recommend We are living at the first first. I wish you wouldn't authorities, and it didn't go anyway, because, if you think about the intelligentsia, the people who matter the people who book reviews, this is a time of Dante, and now who is the new times guy in Moscow whose praising Stalin to the horizon and the success so, The novel fails, but but she's got I have allowed. She writes a small novelette called anthem, alot of people of red dad, and it is really high schools. It's gonna, destroy,

pierre novel and its won't? We doesn't published in the? U s is published in the uk the uk is reached and to stop you novels. Animal farm ah and nineteen eighty four eighty five published copley is after I think after them there's reason to believe he read: he read anthem. Ah that and george orwell, roger at the end of animal farm, yeah, just a small side. Animal farm is probably the top. I mean I would it's weird to say, but says my favorite book, which is have you seen this movie out now called Mister Jones? Are you ve got to see MR watts, mr etc? sorry from Agnor none, oh it's a movie, it hasn't got any publicity which is tragic as a really good movie. Both was brilliantly made me by a polish director, but it's in english.

It's a it's. A true story in and george Orwell's animal farm is featured in it in the sense that joining the story, george, always waiting animal farm and and he's the narrator is reading off. Second, Events from as the movie on investing in the movie is a true story about that: the first western journalists to cover to write about the famine in ukraine. And so he goes to moscow. And then he hits on a train and he finds himself in ukraine and it's it's it's beautifully and horrifically made. So the horror of the famine is brilliantly conveyed and then- and it's a true story said very moving story, very powerful story and just very well made movie such it's tragic in my view, that not more people are essentially, I was actually recently just complaining that there is not enough com on the famine authorities we know of after this, which are heavily like. I love you

their reading on my reading. Salons been taken me forever. the the rise and fall of the third reich yeah. I I love it, but I've got a book to complement that that you have to read it for the as Paolo's it's lana pick up and it's the ominous parallels in it's about it's about the causes of the rise of of of hitler, but a philosophical causes. So, whereas the rise and fall is more of a kind of the existential kind of what happened, but really delving into the intellectual intellectual currents that led to the rise if hitler and may be highly recommend at em, basically suggesting how it might rise. Another that the ominous parallels to the parallel he draws is to the united states, and he says those same intellectual forces arising in the united states, and this is this was published. I thinkin published in eighty one or eighty

two was published eighty two since published a long time ago, and yet you- look around us and it's unbelievably predictive, sadly about the state of the world so I haven't finished iron man's story. I don't want. I dunno if you want me to know that I buy on that point. I'll have to less. Please return to it, but let's now for now is targeted. Let me also say just use because I dont forget about Mister Jones. It is to the point you made. the times of movies, that anti fascist anti naughty and that's good but the way too few movies that anti communist. Just almost now- and it's very interesting- and if you remind me, laid out to his story about that, but so she publishes anthem them in and then she starts in she's doing ok in hollywood an end she's, ok with with the play and then she starts on her on and the book the fountainhead and she writes the fountain it and it comes out. She finishes it in nine making forty five.

And she's. She sends it to publishers and publisher after publisher after publisher turn it down, and it takes twelve publishers before this. This editor reads: it insist I want to publish this book and he basically tells his bosses. If you don't publishes a book leaving a bit and they don't really believe in the book, so they published just a few. Poppies. They don't do luck, matlock and above becomes a best elephant. Word of ass, the land of having to publish more and more and more n, and it's you know, she's based god from this immigrants who come here with very little command of english an end to all kinds of origin is jobs in hollywood too, you know, writing one of the same all I think, but american books, she an american author I mean, if you read the falcon head, it's not russia,

This is not because we have ski it fear it feels like the symbol of what america isn't, the twentieth century and I mean. Probably maybe you can so. There is a famous kind of sexual rape seen in there. That. Is that, like a lesson you gonna throw in some controversial start to make your philosophical books workout Is that why why was it so popular give sense, because I think it illustrated. First of all, I think the character- a fantastic. It's got a real hero and I think it is the whole book is basically illustrating this massive carefully. that I think, went on in america, then is going on today and who goes on in a big scale politics. All the way down to the scale of the choices you making your life is at an end, The issue is individualism versus collectors.

should you live for yourself? You deliver your value. Should you pursue your passions? I should you oh, should you do with your mother? Tells you should you follow your mother's passions? and that's in its at its it's very, very much indeed read a book about individuals and people relate to that, but it obviously has this massive implications to the world outside and at the time of collectivism, just having be defeated, communist well, not fascism and ended in in you know. The united states representing individualism raven is defeated, defeated collectivism back where collectivist ideas still popular in the form of socialism and communism, and it further

the visual this constant struggle between what people tell me to do what society tells me to do with my mother told me do and what I think I should do. I think it's unbelievably appealing particularly to young people who still trying to figure out what they want to do in life, trying to figure out what important in life and it it it it had this enormous appeal: it's romantic, it's bigger than life. The characters are big heroes. It's very american. In that sense, it's about individual, isn't about the triumph of individual. and so I think that's what related any had this big room, magic element from it I mean when I use romantic use a kind of in the in the sense of a movement in art, but it also has this romantic manage in the sense of a relation between a man and woman whose death very intriguing. It's not only that is a, I would say, almost rapeseed night. I would say, but it

also that this woman is hard to understand, I mean I've. I've I've read it more than once and I still can't quite figure out Domini great. is she loves him if she wants to destroy him and she marries other people. I mean think about that two issues. Writing a book in the nineteen forties, its there's lots of sex Is this a woman who marries more than one person has having sex with more than one person very unconventional she's having married she's having sex with work, even though she not married to ok? This is ninety forty five and it's and it's very jarring to people it's very unexpected It's also a book of its time. It's about individuals pursuing their passion, pursuing their life and not caring about convention and in what people think, but doing what they It is right and- and- and so I think it's it's it's a coach- everybody believes obviously has a war. The thousand was at the first century, articulated started getting something.

It sounded like a philosophy of individuals, and I mean the philosophies there we the living right, because at the end of the day that the woman is, though the heavy fuel we the living. Is this individualist stuck in soviet union, so she struggling with these things. I said the theme is there already it's not as fleshed out it's not as articulated philosophically and it suddenly they're anthem, which is a dystopian novel way that this to stop you in the future, as has there's no, I we and we and it's about one guy who breaks out of that, had only given away but but makes out of there so these themes are running in the end we have, and we may be published the early. I read stories that she was waiting in preparation for waiting who novel story. She was writing when she first came to me and you can see these same philosophical elements

even in the male female relationships and passion, any the you know, is she in the conflict. You see them even in those early pieces and she's, just developing room at ST philosophically she's, developing her philosophy with her literature and, of course, after the fountainhead she starts on what turns out to be her magnus opus, which is atlas shrugged, which takes twelve years to publish by the time. Of course, she brings that out every publisher in the. Europe wants to publish it because the found hit me such a huge success data quite understand it. They don't know what to do without atlas shrugged, but the eager to get it out. And indeed it when its published it becomes an instant best seller and the thing about the budget. It found hidden and I was shocked the truth of even anthem and we the living She is one of the only dead authors. They sell more after they died when there was life. Now you know that

two may be music. We lived in a more beethoven there when he was alive, but it's not true typically have novelist and here we are, you know. I was at fifty sixty after the sixty three years after the publication of atlas shrugged. and its cells, probably more today than its old, when it was the best seller. When it first came out the true that it's like one of the most solid books in history now. I've heard. Ass Kennedy, lemme talk, Clancy book comes out, cells more than the euro for an hour red is ever so. There was a very nice and say this, but it's the truth I'll say it. A very unscientific study dire by this So many an institute, probably in the early nineties, the basic he surveyed seals and asked them was the most influential book on you, and I will show came out, is number two

the second most influential book and seals in in the country, but this so many flaws in the study. One was a? U wanna, guess what the number one book bible, the bible, The bible was like the innocent, we. They surveyed one hundred people, I dunno what examples will numbers were, but hundred people and sixty said the boy I believe in ten set out the shrugged in their way by books of it. So you know I don't, let's again the psychology discussion over having exact well in its it's one thing. I've learned and may be covered is taught me in and nobody the very few people who know how to do statistics and Nobody knows how to think probabilistic. Italy. That is think in terms of probability is that it is a scale, is a high skill and everybody thinks they know. It's icy doctors thinking this statisticians and in the whole analyses of the data on covert, and they don't have a clue what they're talking about, not because there are good doctors, because now good statisticians, it's not eat the.

you know. People think that they have won skill and therefore translate immediately into another skill in, and it is not true as well. Had been astounded to help how bad people out there for people who have been read any of the book thorgest discussing. What would you recommend what book would you a man they read and maybe also just elaborate. What mindset should they? enter the reading of the book with so I looking to everybody we'd fountainhead- and I was- and in one that order so dependent on www on life. Wait. So if it depends on who you on what you are so

Found head is a more personal story for many people, with their favorite and for many people is the first book in and they wouldn't be replaced that pay. If our shrugged is a it's about the world, it's about what impact the world, how the world functions, how it's a bigger book in the sense of the scope, if you that, if you wish in politics and huge stood in the world. Read atlas shrugged first, if you're mainly focused on your life, your career, what you want to do with yourself start with founded. I still think you should read both, because I think they are, I mean to me. They were life altering and too many many people, their life altering any should go in. To reading them with an open, mind, I'd say and with a put aside everything you ve heard about. I met put aside any even if it's true just put it aside, even what I just said about. I may put it this way. Just me,

the book. Is a book and let it move you and let let let your thoughts, let it sheep how you think An end it'll have you know it either have or you either have a response to a europe but I think most people have a very strong response to it and then the question is: do you, are? They will need to respond to the philosophy of they will need to integrate the five they will need to think through the philosophy or not because I know a lot of people completely disagree with the philosophy philosophy philosophy here in hollywood, but lots of people here in hollywood love the fountainhead interesting. Oliver stone, who is, I think, a avowed marxist right, I think he's he he I think he's admitted to being a marxist. He has his movies, certainly reflect a marxist theme and is a huge fan of the fountainhead, and his act

his dream project. He has said in public his dream project estimate fountain and now he would completely change. It has moved Eric. Does do unease actually outlined what a script would look like it. It would be a disaster for the ideas of if, but he loves the story because to him the story is about artistic integrity. yeah and that's what he catches on and what he hates about the stories individualism, and I thank them with his movie ends with how it works, You some kind of calm you of architects, to do it for the love and don't do it for the interesting. but so yeah. So you can connect with you without the fuss and before we get to the philosophy, staying around rand at osu, sir? My own personal experience, I think, is one that people share of experts. this with two people I ran in nature, but when I wrought up, I, when I was in my early twenties the nome

of I rose, I got from their in life. Rises, and so on that of dismissal. I've seen them later in life about more more specific concept in artificial dodges and technical, where people decided this is this: is it the ideas that are acceptable and these says wages or not. and they dismissed? I ran without giving me any justification of why they dismissed her except that's something you're into when you're nineteen. Twenty that same thing, say what nature? Well? That's something you do when you're in car Imagine. You take an intro philosophy course. Oh and I've never really heard anybody cleanly, articulate their. Opposition to rand in my

on private little circles, and so maybe one question I want to ask is Why is there such a opposition, nine ran be another word ass. The same thing is: what's misunderstood about ireland, so we ve been talking about philosophies, it's piece it so right now we can return to. If you think, that's the right way to go, you will let me let me give up. Answer and then and then, and it would do foreseen and will return to it, because I think it's important to know something about who ideas. She, I think a philosophy challenges everything it it really does it takes up the world. It challenges. So many of our preconceptions, a child. just so many of the things that people take for granted is truth, from religion, to morality, to to politics, to almost every he's. Never quite Bina think I like her in the sense of

really challenging everything in doing it systematically and having a complete philosophy. That is a challenge to everything that has come before her. Now, I'm not saying there on threats that connect, they are right in in politics. There might be a threat in immorality they might be, but on everything this has never been like it, and people are afraid of that, because the challenges them today oh she's, basically tell me you do. We think almost everything, and that is that that people reject the other thing that it does, and this goes through this point about oh yeah, that's what you do when you have fourteen fifty right. She points out to them that they ve lost something they ve lost idealism. They ve lost a useful idealism. What is what makes usefulness meaningful at other different we'd? Better

physical shape, yet starting to feel cause. I'm getting older yeah when we're young. We, you know some time in the teen years, where there's something that happens to human consciousness. We almost awaken a new rate and we we suddenly discovered that we can think for ourselves. We suddenly discover that everything appearance and our teachers tell us is true. We suddenly discover that this tool, a mines, is suddenly available to us to discover the word and to discover truth. and it is a time of idealism. It's a time of Well, I want an you know: the better teenagers I want to know about the world. I want to go out there. I dont believe my parents, I dont, believe my teachers, and this is also the sustained task and I

Want to go out there and experiment, and in that gets us to talk the way we do stupid things when we're teenagers. Why cause we're experiment? It's the experiential part of it, but we want to go and experience life, but we're learning it's part of the learning process and and and we become risk takers, because we want to experience, but the risk is something we need to learn, because we need alone where the boundaries on and one of the damages that helicopter parents do. Is they prevent us from taking those risks? Or we don't learn about the world and we don't learn about where the boundaries are The teenage years are these years of wonder that depressing, when you're in them, for a variety of reasons, which I think Parmelee have to do with the culture, but also with oneself, but there are exciting that periods of discovery. and people get excited about. Ideas in good, I give bad ideas, occurs wages and then what happens? We saddle we compromise, whether that happens in college were taught, did nothing users

nothing matters and start b, b b, an eilish be a cynics, be whatever or whether it happens when we get married and get a job and have kids in a too busy and can't think about ideals and forget and get just get into the norm of conventional life or whether it's because a mother pastoralists pesters us to get married and have kids and do all the things that she wanted we give up on those ideals and there's a sense in which iran reminds them that they gave up as beautifully that so beautifully put, and so true, it's that it's worth pausing on that this dismissal and people forget the the beauty of their curiosity as true in the scientific field, too, is a

I use for joy of like everything is possible and we can understand what the tools of our mind yes and that's what it about that's what I mean is ideas at the end of the day. All boils down to is that confidence in that passion in that, curiosity in that interest and if you, you know, think about what academia does to so many of us re to we go into academia and in worksite about we're going to learn stuff. We have we're going to discover things, and then they stick you into sub sub fields dick, examining some way new share that insignificant and unimportant and into get published you have to be conventional. You have to do it. Everybody else does in this the tenure process of seven years, with put you through this torture to white papers that fit into a sudden mould and by the time He had done you in your midst thirties and you ve done nothing. You discovered nothing! You you you all in this. My new share in the stuff, in its destructive in

which is holding onto their passion, holding onto that knowledge and confidence is hard and when people do away with it to become cynical and they become part of the system and the flicked the same pain on the next guy that they suffered because that's part of how it works. There's this happens in artificial intelligence. This happens when, like a young person show open would like fire in their eyes, and they say I wonder, stand the nature of intelligence and ever be roles arise big. What for these same reasons, because it? spent so many years and the very specific set of questions that term kind of they compete over and they did write papers over and they have conferences about, and it's true those that incremental research is the way you make progress. Answering the question of what is intelligence exception. But when you market, you actually destroyed the realities,

When we look back centuries from now look back at this time. For this particular field of artificial intelligence, it will be the p bull cool, be remembered, will be the people who asked the question in may, their life journey of what is intelligence and actually had the chance to succeed. Most will fail asking a question, but the ones that I had a chance eating and I had that throughout their whole life- and I suppose the same is true for a philosophy: it's in every field. It's it's! It's asking to be. Questions is staying curious being passionate and stay excited and accepting failure by accepting that you're not gonna get a first time. You're, not gonna, get the whole thing but and sometimes you have to do- that. My new show working- I'm not here to say nobody should specializing shouldn't The minority have to do that, but they have

to be a way to do that, work and keep the passion and keep and keep it all integrated. And that's another thing I mean we don't live in a culture that integrate rate we live in a culture that is all that is all about. You know this might who shot and not an end in a medicine is another field where you? U specialise in the kidney, I mean the kidneys connected to other things. You ve gotta. And we don't have a holistic view of these things and if you're not officially talents, you. I make the big leaps forward without a holistic view of what it is you, trying to achieve, and maybe that's the question, what is intelligent, but that's the kind of questions you have to ask to make big leaps forward to really move the field in a in a positive direction and it's the people who can think that way who move fields and move technology move em. Anything The thing is is is everything's just said is painful, because underlying that kind of question is,

Well, maybe the work I've done for the past twenty years was a was a dead end and you have to kind of face that even just They may not be true, but even just facing that reality is is just it's. It's a painful feeling absolutely that's part of the reason why too pointed joy, the work that you do so that even if it doesnt completely what, The EU is doing about this was not a waste because you enjoyed the process and if you learn as is any entrepreneurs knows this right and if you learn from the waste the time from the areas from the mistakes, Then you can build on him and make things even better wait and see Next, when he is a massive success, We are in another impossible task, so you didn't wonderfully we about ran the other impossible. Ask of giving a world when our view of the philosophy of objective is the philosophy of ireland

yeah so delicately. She did it in an essay. Your huge she talks about doing a philosophy on one foot, but let me integrated with the late return with a life a little bit. She wanted to be a writer, but her go. She had a particular goal, innovative. she was an idealist. She wanted a tree, the ideal man, so One of the things you do when you want to decide is what is an idea man? You have to ask that question. What does that mean? You might have a sense of it. You might have so in glimpses it glimpses of it in other people's literature. But what is it so? She starts reading philosophy to try to figure out what, if all to say about the ideal man in which he finds horrifies her in terms of the view of most philosophers of man and and she's she's attracted, certainly when she's young teen each year, because nietzsche at least has a vision of of of

means you're for man, even though the philosophies very flawed and has other problems and contradicting many many ways, but at least he has that vision of what is possible to man and she's, attracted to that romantic vision. That idealistically So she discovers in writing, and particularly in writing- atlas shrugged, but even in the fountain that she's going to have to develop a philosophy, she's going to have to discover these ideas for herself, because they're not fully articulated anywhere. the glimpses again of it in our stata in in in each ip better, not fully fleshed out so old to large extent, she develops a philosophy for very practical purpose to write to wait a novel about the idea of man and end and Alice. Shrug is de manifest station of that always say, enter interrupt as its little aside does when you say man, you mean human and the end because will bring this up often ass. She does

Maybe you can elaborate of how she's Pacific they use this man and he in the work we live in a time now. Yes, our agenda resolve, so she did that in in the in the sense that everybody did it. Her period- and I wait it's only in modern times where we do heaps last- she write it publicly. When you said he, you meant a human being. A list of particular context replied that it was a but in ireland's case, in this case, in this one sentence He probably meant man not that, because a she view did our differences between men and women were not the same, which I know comes at a shock to many people bet She wasn't a character. She was working on a particular vision. Rigour. She considered herself, a man worshipper and a man not not human, be a male meal. She worshipped man,

If you want that that that that the hugo in man and she wanted to fully understand what that was now. It has massive implication. If I, the a woman- and I think she does portray the ideal woman in in in in atlas, shrugged in the character of vagni, but hope goal is You know I think, of selfish. Go for what she wanted to get out of the novel is that excitement, partially sexual what about seeing your ideal manifest in reality of what you perceive as the that which you would be attracted to a fully intellectually physically sexually in area but to be like that's what she's trying to bring it. So there is no ambiguity, a gender, so there was a masculinity femininity at our very much, and if you read the novels you you see that as you see that remember. This is in the context of an atlas. She is portraying a woman.

who runs the railroad. Don't masculine all jobs. You can imagine running a railroad better than any man could monitor. Yes and achieving huge success. better than any other man out there, but but for her even dagger, We need. Somebody told me a man in some sense to look up to and that the character whose name I will mention because gives away too much of the plot. at the haskell. I like how you do that you're good you're, not a lotta, nothing really cause you convey all the important things without giving away plot lines as beautiful your master, so she's so she's very much. She she described the self once as a male chauvinist. She very she'd like style,

of a ban opening a door but more metaphysically. She identifies some thing in Difference between m way, a man will each a woman and a wound relates to man. It's not the same and less that take too far of a tangent, but I just as a side comment I too me she represented, she was a feminist to me. They perhaps perhaps nicholas plus after you disagree with that whatever. But the you know that to me represented strong, like she had the sum of the strongest female characters in his. Literature again, this is this: a woman running a railroad nike forget the savvier, and now Just a woman running waywardness assure the fountain it as well a woman who is sexually since assertive sort of sexually open,

This is this is not a woman who this is a woman who I do who book embraces a sexuality and up you know sex. important like this is like coming up with it. it's important to a man who was important in the novels. It's important in life and for her one's attitude towards sex is a reflection, one's attitude towards life, and it you know, and what attitude, with pleasure, which is an important part of life, and she thought that was incredibly important thing, and so she has he's a sort of powerful sexual women. Who live their lives on their terms, a hundred percent who seek a man to look up to now psychologically complex, more psychology to phosphate, psychologically complex? It is known My area, expertise with this is this, something in the issue? you there's something fundamentally differ.

About a meal and a woman at bottom young female psychologically in new attitude towards one another. As a side note, I say that I would say that I don't know philosophically her De as about gender interesting, I think her other I have ideas and a much more interesting, but reading wise and make the stories created. The tension created, That was pretty powerful and he knows that's pretty powerful stuff ass speculated it. The reason is so powerful is because it reflects something, yes, there is a threat that at least in headless each it's really point to say she. I think she was the first feminist. In a sense. I think, in a sense, the feminist, perverted feminism into something that it shouldn't be, but in the sense of men and women are capable. She was the first one who wait, you really put tat into a novel and showed it to me

As long as it is as a boy reading. Ella shrug they think you're ready for fun had I was one of the early introduction alleys of an american woman at examples of my life for russian women, but of like a bad ass lady, like I admire re I'll love engineering loved that she could Bianca. here's a lie as running the shell, so that, at least to me was apple. A really strong woman, but objective is an objective, is also an excellent developed for novel. She spent the latter part of her life after the publication of Alice, shrug really articulating philosophy. So that's what she did. She applied it to politics, to life, to gender. To all these issues from nineteen thirty seven until she died nineteen eight. So the objective was born out of the later parts of atlas shrugged. Yes, definitely it was there all the time, but it it was fleshed out during the later parts of our shrugged and and articulated for the next twenty years. So what is objectivism

subject of his and so that they are five branches in philosophy in it. It in some gonna just go through the branches. She starts with the star with metaphysics the nature of reality and objectives. Is that really is what it is? It's kind of gauze hawkins back to aristotle, love, identity, a busy You can wish it to be, but wishes do not make something real. We are It is what it is and it is the primary and it was it's it's not it's not manipulate directed by consciousness consciousness. Is there to. Ah you know to observe to to give us information about reality. That is the purpose of consciousness. It is the nature of it. So in metaphysics existence exists a it a the law of identity, the law of causality things are, you know the the thing

act based on the nature, not randomly not arbitrarily based on the nature, and then we have the tools to know reality. This is a the theory of knowledge, I ought to know reality is reason it's outside says and our capacity to integrate information we get from our senses and integrated into new knowledge into conceptualize. It the in and that is uniquely human out? We don't we don't know. The truth. from revelation, we don't know, truth, thumb, emotions, emotions are interesting, emotions tell us about ourselves, but our emotions and not tools of cognition. They don't tell us the truth about what's out there about what's in reality. So reason is a means of knowledge and therefore meet reason is a means of survival. only individuals reason

in the same way that only individuals can eat. We don't have a clue the stomach. Nobody can eat for me and therefore nobody can think form I we don't have a collective mind that there's no collective consciousness, none it's it's bizarre that people talk about these collectivist aspects of the mind. They don't talk about collective feet and collective stomachs and collective things, but so we all think for ourselves and it is our fundamental basic responsibility to live our lives To live to choose to do once we choose to live to live our lives to the best of our ability. So in morality. She is an egoists. She believes that the purpose,

morality, is to provide you with a code of values and virtues to guide your life for the purpose of your own success. Your survival, you won't thriving your happiness. Happiness is the moral purpose of your life. The purpose of morality is to guide you towards a happy life. Your own happen own happiness, absolutely your happiness, so she rejects the idea tat. She should leave other people that you should leave for the purpose of other people's happiness, but this is not to make them happy to make them anything you're purposes your happiness, but also rejects the idea. Did you could argue? Maybe then chant idea? of you should use other people for you own purposes, so every person is an end in himself every person's more responsibilities they want. Happiness and you shouldn't use, other people for young should exploit other, be very unhappiness and you be allow yourself to be exploited. Father people bevy individuals responsible for themselves.

And what is it that allows us to be happy? What is it that facilitates human flourishing human success, if I've well it's the use of our might make goes- goes back to reason and what is the reason we require in order to to be successful in order to to work effectively it requested, so the enemy of reason, the enemy of reason, is false the enemy of reason, excursion, the enemy Reason is authority by the catholic church doing what they did. Galileo rate that restricts Galileo is thinking great when he's in house arrest is seeking to with a new through using to discover new truth. No, it it it it's. The punishment is too, you know it's too dangerous, so force and I are enemies of reason, and

Reason needs is to be free to to think to to discover to innovate, to break out of convention, so we need to create an environment in which individuals are free to reason to free to think. And to do that, we we we come up with a concept. Historically, we ve come up with a concept of individual rights Individual rights, define the scope of that define the fact that we should be left alone. Frida pursue our values, use. Our reason free of white free of cohesion forsyth out and that the job of government. Is to make sure that we are free the whole point of government, the whole point of when we come in a social context. The whole point of establish a govern in that context is to secure that

it's to make sure that I dont use corrosion on you. The governess spoke to stop exposed to intervene before I can do that or if I ve already done it to prevent me from doing it again. So the purpose of government is to protect the freedom to think and act based on our thought, it's to leave individuals free to pursue their values to pursue their happiness, pursue the rational thought and it to be left alone to do it, and so she rejects socialism which, which basically assume some kind of collective goal, assumes the sacrifice of the individual to the group assumes that your mouth purpose in life is the wellbeing of other people rather than you are an end date. She rejects all form of statism or form of gum,

and that is you know overly, that that is involved in any aspect of it than to protect us from forced cohesion. Without up and he rejects the anarchy and we Talk about that. I I think you had a question in the list of questions. You sent me about anarchist or alice about anarchy, so that yet I dunno, if you're familiar with him. Yes, I'm familiar with him, so so yeah, so she would completely reject anarchy. Anarchy is completely inconsistent with their point of view, and we can talk about why, if you want so there is some perfect place where freedom is maximized. So systems of government then absolutely- and she thought that the american system of government came close in it's idea, obviously founded with original sin with the sin of slavery, but in it's conception the declaration of dependence is Bout is perfect. A political document is one could write, I think the greatest political document in human history, but really articulated almost perfectly in and beautifully

ended that make us, together with the czechs, espouses balances which, with its emphasis on individual white, with its emphasis on freedom with its emphasis. beat it leaving individual free to pursue their happiness with an explicit recognition of happiness. Is a goal individual happen It was the model it. It wasn't perfect, though, a lot of problems to a large extent, because the founders had mixed philosophical premises. So so there were, there were alien and a premises introduced into the founding of the country, slavery, obviously being the biggest problem up but it was caught and we need to build on that create an ideal political system that will yes up maximize the freedom of individuals to do exactly. This And then, of course, she had so that's kind of that's the manifestation of this individualism and a political role.

and she had a theory of arch- you had a few aesthetics and which is the fifth branches of of she have metaphysics epistemological ethics and politics, and the fifth branch is aesthetics. and she viewed ought as an essential human need if fuel for the human spirit and they just like any human need, it had certain principles that it had to abide by. That is just likes. This nutrition rates of some food is good, for you in some food is bad. For you, some food, some stuff is poison. She believed the same is true of arts. That ought had an identity which is very controversial today. Right, if you know today its if you put a few around it. It is ot lately, but a usual in a urinal in a in a museum, it becomes art which he thought was. It was evil and and and ludicrous, and she rejected completely that ot an identity and that it serve the sudden function that human beings needed it,

and if it didn't have not only did you have to have their density, but that function was so well by some. and poorly by other out. And then there's a whole realm of stuff. That is not art. Basically, all of all of what today is considered modern art. She would consider as not being art or splashing paint on a canvas nodded, and so she had very clear ideas. As she articulate it's? Not so, I would say not in conventional philosophical form, so she didn't write philosophical essays using the philosopher's language, it's white partially, why? I think philosophers have never taken a sushi, they're, actually accessible to we can actually read them and she integrated blushing. What I think are amazing ways with psychology with history with economics. Would politics with what's going on in the world

has dozens and dozens and dozens of essays, the shoe she wrote. Many of them were aggregated the books. I particularly recommend books like the virtue of selfishness, capitalism, the unknown ideal in and philosophy who needs it. And you know it's it's a I it's a beautiful, a beautiful in. I know, you're begun love. I think it's a fuller. you have love we can talk about. That, essentially, is about love, that's what the flesh is all about and when it apply intensive it of to self I and ii you know, I. I think it's sad that so few people, so few people read it and so few into the actually take it seriously and are willing to engage with. Let me ask thousand credible better that beautiful whirlwind overview and ass. The most shower of questions, which is then

objective is of where, like how should people think about the name being rooted. Why not individual listen what what are the options if we're like had branding, meaning that ensure social actually had a branded meeting is a sham. She did. She went through the exercise objectives I do not think I don't know that all the details, but I don't like objectives and was the first name she came with problem was that the other names were taken and they were not positive implications. that so, for example, rationalism could have been a good one because she's an advocate of rational thought. Or reason, ism between ism sounds weird, where the ism, because of too many asses rational rationalism, but was away

yeah philosophy and it was a philosophy inconsistent with herbs because it was, it was a. It was a it which he considered a false view of of reason of rationality and reality ism, you know just doesn't work so she came and objectivism and I think actually it's a great word. It is a great name. because it it's. It has two aspects to it, and this is a unique view of what objective it is actually means in objective ism in objective iii. Is the idea of an independent reality? There is truth, is actually something out there that we and then there's the wall,

consciousness right. There is the wall of figuring out the truth. The truth doesn't just hit you it. The truth is not in the thing you have to discover it. It's that it's that a consciousness apply to that's what objectivity is great. It's you discovering the truth, in reality it's your consciousness either acting and thereby pose an individual. In that sense,. then only the individual could do now. The problem with individualism is would have made the philosophy to political and She always said to she said he said: I'm an advocate of capitalism. because I'm really an advocate for rational yours but crash of who I am an advocate of national egoism? Really, because I'm an advocate for reason.

So she viewed the essential over philosophy. Is being this reason and her hope. particularly if you have reason she has a whole book. She has a book called introduction to objectivist epistemology, which college any scientist, madmen mission. Anybody interesting assigns to read because it is a tour de force on on on. In a sense this they did what it means the whole concept, and what it means to do cover new discoveries and use it to use concept. And how are you concept and she has a theory of concepts that is completely new. That is completely revolutionary, and I think is essential for the philosophy of science and therefore, ultimately for the more abstract we get with scientific discoveries

the easier it is to the them from reality and detached from truth. The easy it is to be inside our heads instead of about what's real and they probably examples monophysites that fit that, and I think, what she teaches in the book is how to ground your concept and how to bring them into grounding in reality. So introduction objectives to somalia. Note that it's only an introduction, because one of the things she realized, one of the things that I think a lot of her critics don't give enough credit for is the philosophy. Is There's no end right, it's always growing, always new discoveries, those owes its it. You know it's like science is always new things and and is a ton of work to do in in philosophy and particularly in epistemological few knowledge it she was actually give.

your interested mathematics. She was, she actually saw a lot of paulos between math and concept formation, and she was actually? You know in the years before she died, she was taking private, lessons in mathematics in algebra and calculus. Because she believed that there was real insight in understanding algebra in calculus to philosophy into epistemological, and then she also was very interested in neuroscience. Is she believed tat had a lot to tell us about it it you but also about music, therefore about aesthetics so I mean she recognised the importance of all these different fields and how in and the beautiful os as it should be, integrating all oliver and one of the sad things about the world in which we live. again, we view these things. A silos we'd all view them as integrating we don't

teams of people from different arena. You know different fields. The unit discovering things we we become like ants, specialized. So if she was definitely like that is used constantly curious, consuming interested in me in. new discoveries and new ideas and and how this could expand. The scope of her philosophy in application of the philosophy that there's like a million toxic. I talked to a business. You mentioned math and almost only got three hours. You, okay, I'm almost curious. I dunno if you're familiar with gales, incompleteness theorem, I'm not. Unfortunately, okay is a a powerful proof that any axiomatic systems, when you start from a bunch of axioms that there will in that system, provably, must be an income

I so those this painful like stab in the idea of mathematics that if we start with a set of assumptions Kind of like iran started with objectivism There will have to be at least one contradiction. Hey, I intuitively I'm gonna say that false philosophically, but in math, it's just true it's a question about how you define again. Yet you did definitions matter and you have to be careful how you define axioms and you have to be careful about what you define as an inconsistency. What that means to say is an inconsistency and I don't know I'm going to say more that cause I don't know, but I've suspicious is that there is some- and this is the power of philosophy, and this is why I said before concert formation is so important and understanding cause of formation support from for particularly good mathematics, because it's such an abstract field,

and it's easy to lose grounding in in reality that that, if you properly defined axioms and probably to find what you doing in mass, whether that is true and I dont think it. This is. I will leave it as an open mistake is actually this audience in others literally, over a hundred thousand. I never have peace decent, so they they know gave us a there. I am I have this intuition that there's something different. He mathematics and philosophy that I'd love to hear from people what? What exactly that difference because there's a precision to mathematics that philosophy doesn't have, but that precision get you in trouble. It somehow actually takes you away from truth The very constraints of the language used in mathematics actually puts a constraint on the on the capture of

the table to just I'm argue that that is a comp with a total product of the work, You conceptualizing the the terms within mathematic It's not in reality, yes, so You would argue it's in the fact that mathematics in inasmuch as is detached from reality that you can do these kinds of things. Yes, and in europe in youth and mathematicians, have come up with concepts that They haven't, grounded in reality properly that allows them to go off on and in places that have they dont led to tourists attracted, don't need to do better. I encourage you, then I encourage you to to to do one of these pike ass with one of our philosophers Who know more about about this stuff and if If you move to Austin, I've got somebody I'd recommend to you. And name of the army

I would I would, I would talk to Gregson marry only say our. Can you say what you mean by our I'd, say. People who are affiliated with the one of philosophers who are affiliated with objective is writing. Greg is one of our one of our brightest in and he's in Austin me just got a position at at. U t ass, a diversity of texas and he and he won aka got it would be another one who actually works at the institute in it achieve philosophy officer the institute and then there are others who specialise in thought. If science- you, who I think gregg, could probably give your lead bit by bit, If these are unbelievably spot people who know this part of the philosophy much better than I do what I can you just briefly, perhaps say what is the iran the two yesterday dynasty was a organization founded He has asked, I mean died, in nineteen eighty two, and

it was founded in eighteen, eighty five to promote new ideas to make sure that ideas and who now, was continued in the culture and were relevant it while they the relevant, but what the peoples the relevance. So our mission is to get people to read her books to engage in the ideas we teach. We have a good objectives: academic centre, where we teach the philosophy of primarily to go you'd students and others who take the idea is used in a really wanna a deep understanding of their philosophy. And if we apply the idea, so we take the ideas and apply them to ethics, to philosophy, to issues of the day, which is more my strength and more what what I tend to do. I've you'd I've never have now a formerly study philosophy. So all my education philosophies informal and I'm in ginea and finance guy. That's that's my background summer

numbers guy, I'm here I feel pretty under educated ever pretty open, mind which sometimes can be painful on the internet, because people mark me, or you know, say something you asked about communism. People People immediately kind put you been or something like that: it's it hurts to be open minded. Say I don't know to ask the question wise com. marxism, so problematic, wise capitalism problematic concern Let me nevertheless go into that direction with you. Maybe I talk about capitalism, let a bigger. How does objectives compare relate to the idea of capitalism, but first we have to define what capitalism is cause again, people use capitalism in all kinds of ways, and I know he had,

we value on on your show once I have I've anita, listen to the episode episode, but way as no clue or capitalism is, and that's that's that's that's his big problem. so many when he says there were problems today. Capitalism he's not talking. Capitalism, he's talking about problems, well today, and I agree with many of the problems, but they have nothing to a capitalism. Capitalism is this is, is a social, political and economic system in which all property is privately. And in which the only wall of government is the protection of individual rights, I think it's the ideal system. I think it's the right system for the reasons we talked about earlier. It's a system that leaves you as an individual to pursue your values, your life, your happiness, free of corrosion force and if it in and you get to decide what happens to you and I get to decide to help you're, not right. If you letter, you fall flat on your face, people always say well what about the poor? Well, if you, if you care about the poor, help them

Just don't you know what do you need a common for it? You know I was ask audiences. Ok if, if there's a, if there's a poor kid who cares, to go to school in articles of private because capitalism has been instituted. we can go to school? Would you be willing to participate in a fund that pays for his education? Every Anyone got up. So what do you need governed for? Just let's go, let's get the money to give and pay for school. So the point is: That would capitalism does his leave individuals free to make their own decisions. and as long as they're, not violating other people's rights, in other words, as long as they're, not using cogent force on other people, then leave them alone, and people are going to make mistakes and people are going to screw up their lives and people are going to commit suicide people going to do terrible things to themselves. That is fundamentally their problem, and if you want to help you and listen a free to help its she's. The only thing that doesn't happen on the cap was issued, don't getting.

pose your will. Other people how's that everything. So the question, then, is: how does the implementation of capitalism deviate from its ideal? in practice mean this is what is the question with a lot of systems? Is? How does it start, then, fail so one thing: maybe you can correct me and for me it it seems like. information is very important, that being to make decisions did to be free, you have to have access for access of all the information you need to make from decisions, a a doesn't because it can be won because none of us has full access to all the information we need. I mean what would that even mean and how

big? How about much of the scope to one year relish yesterday, I Sonia so you need him. You need to have access to information, so one of the bee criticisms. Capitalism is this asymmetrical information the drug maker has more information about the drug than the drug buyer bait pharmaceutical drugs. Troop: it's a problem. Well, I wonder if one can think about an entrepreneur can think about how to solve that problem. She I view any one of these challenges to capitalism as an opportunity for europe to make money back, and they have to face to do it yeah, especially as an entrepreneur steps in and says I will test all the drugs the drug companies make, and I will provide you for fee with with the answer, and how do I know he's not he's not can be corrupted well, they'll, be other ones and compete, and Who am I to tell which one of these is the right one? Well, we won't be you really getting information from them. It'll be a doctor. The doctors need information

so the doktor, who has some expertise in medicine be evaluating, which rating agency to you stay, evaluate the drugs and which ones then to recommend to you. So what do we need an f d? A do. We need a government that siphons all the information to one source that does all the research all the and it has a clue instead of by the way not to approve drugs, there's something because wait any money from it. They nobody pays them, for. Actually, nobody pays to be accurate. There are bureaucrats at the end of the day and what is a bureaucrat? What's the main focus of a bureaucrat even if they go in with the best of intentions, which I am sure all the scientists. The fifty have the best of intentions. What's an incentive that, with this system bills in this and set not to. Well, because one drug gets value and does damage you lose your job. But if one hundred drugs that could cure cancer tomorrow, don't ever get to market nobody's going to nobody's going to come after you.

You think. That's not that's not a mechanism that some confusion, places competition. So if you want to prove the drug, if I still think it's possible, I will end it's not zero one. You see the other thing that happens with the f d h, zero and to see the proof that is adequate or it's approved for this, but it's not good for them. But what? If? What? If? What? If a drug came out and in and you set rate, he told the doctors this drug in ten, one of the cases can cause patients in increasing whisk of heart disease you and your patients. Should we not when a forty you, but you should write knit you're married

the responsibility to evaluate that and decide if the drug is appropriate or not. Why don't I get to make that choice if I want to take on the ten percent risk of heart disease? So there was a drug and right now forget the name, but it was a drug against pain, particularly for theoretic pain, and it worked it reduced, pain dramatically right and some people tried everything, and this was the only drug that reduced the pain and it turned out that in ten percent of the cases it it caused, the elevated risk didn't kill people necessarily, but it caused elevated risk of heart disease. Okay, what did the FDA? Do it banned a drug, some people? I know a lot of people who said living with pain is much worse than taking on a ten percent risk. Again, probabilities right, people, don't thinking,

it'll be the ten percent risk of maybe getting heart disease. Why don't I get to make that choice, whether some bureaucrat make their choice? For me, thats capitalism. Capitalism gives you the choice, not you as an ignorant person, you with your doctor and and a whole marketplace which is not created to provide you with information. And think about think about a world where we didn't have all these regulations and controls the did. The the mount up shoe unities. That would exist to creep, to provide information to You can't you about that information would mushroom dramatically Bloomberg. You know the billionaire bluebook. How did you make his money? He made us money by providing financial affairs by creating the service called Bloomberg that do you buy. Terminal in you. Get all this amazing information: it was before computers, desktop computers,

He was very early on in that whole computing revolution, but his focused with providing financial information to professionals. And you hire professional to manage your money, that's the way it supposed to be. You know you have to have. So you as an individual cannot have all the knowledge you need in medicine or the now. You need to finance all the knowledge need in every aspect of your life. You can do that. You have the delegate and you why are you a doctor now you should be able to figure out if the doctor is good or not, you should be able to ask doctors for, as for why you have to make the decision at end, but that's why you have a doctor's way of a financial advisor. That's where you have different people who you're delegating certain aspects of your life to, but you want choices. I want a marketplace provides as those choices. So, let's let me, then this

This is what I do or make a dumb case for things, and then you shut me down, and then the internet says how dumb lexus is is good. This is our good at shutting down and they're foolish in not blame. You for the question refers while you're here to ask me questions unless they make their. Let me make a case for socialism. So it's gonna be bad. There is the only place there is the suit, I feel so The press is not a case for socialism by just a certain. Notion that inequality. the wealth inequality that the bigger the gap between the Poorest or the average and the richest, the the more painful it is to be average psychologically spy. king. If you know that there is the ceos of companies

make three hundred thousand one million times more than you do. That makes life for lunch part of the population was fulfilling that there's a rat. What notion to the experience of our life that I know. Everybody's life has gotten better over the past decades and centuries. It may feel actually worse because you know that life could be so so much better than in leicester. The ceo that the gap is fundamentally a thing that is undesirable and society everything about that is wrong. I my like the star So I mean so my wife likes to remind me as well as we ve done in life, we are

actually from a wealth perspective closer to a homeless person than we are to bill gates, just a math rightness demands, check when I look at bill gates? I get a smile on my face. I have I've, never met book it. I love you. I love woody, As for I love that he has a hundred billion dollars, I love that he has built a trampoline room in his house ways: kids, can jump up and down in trampling in a safe environment. Do it another billionaire, because our night, if you sure, if you're paying attention but there's all kinds of conspiracy theories about bill gates or what, but that. part of the story right, they have to pull him down, because people resented the other phrases that declaration Yes, we can have Jeff Bezos, we can save. Have you know my favorite is historically just because I I like I like a light about him was with Steve jobs, and I mean I love these people and

I can't the very few billion, as I don't love in sense that I appreciate everything they ve done for me for people. I. cherish love thing the world a better place? Why would a crossed my mind that they make me look bad because they richer than me. That I don't have what they have made me so much richer? They ve made inventions that used to cost millions and millions and millions of dollars accessible to me. I mean this is a supercomputer in my pocket now, but think like right. What is the difference between an and I'll get to the essence of your point in a minute, but think about what the differences between member states in terms of

because it's true that it is a welcome, close it and homeless person, but he took in italy, my dated the life I'm closer to vulgate. You know we both live in a nice house. His is nicer, but we live in a nice house, his bigger, but at minus plenty big. We both drive com, His is nicer, but we both like cars, cause? How do we get to go? What cause we both flock can fly, get on a plane in los angeles and fight in new york and get in about the same time. Will both lying private. The only difference is my private plain. I share with three hundred other people. And his its accessible its? relatively comfortable again in the perspective of fifty years ago, a hundred years ago, it's unimaginable that I could fly like that foot for such a low fee we live very similar lives in that sense, I always resent him. So. First of all, I am an exception to the supposed war the keeper visit. I don't think anybody,

Only people do resent unless they talk to visit, and this is the key people a taught. And I ve seen the cinema in this is to me the most horrible, shocking thing that has happened in america. The last forty years I came to america, I may immigrant came to make up a miserable in nineteen, eighty, seven and eighty, here, because I thought this was the place where I could, where it had the most opportunity- and it is most apt, and I came here because I believed it was such a certain american spirit of individualism. In exactly the opposite of what you just described. A sense of I live my life, it's my happiness. Looking at my neighbor, I'm not competing with the joke. Just the american dream is my dream, my two kids, my dog, my stage, four, and not because other people have it it's because I want

in that sense, and when I came here in the eighties, you had that you had it, you still had it it it. It was less than I think it had been in the past, but you have that spoke. There was no envy. There was no resentment of a rich people, and they were celebrated. There was still this admiration, entrepreneurs, admiration for success, not by everyone, certainly not by the intellectuals but by the average person I have agnes sickly over the last ten years. A complete transformation. America's become like Europe. I know the you, russian yeah yeah. It's become rush. In a sense way do you know they ve, always any studies. You know I I'll give you one hundred dollars and your neighbor one hundred dollars or give you was it you or give you a thousand dollars, but your neighbor gets ten thousand

dollars and a russian will always choose two hundred dollars a day. He wants equality about being better himself. Americans would always choose that guy and I exchange, is not anymore and its change. Because we ve been told it should change and morally you're saying that doesn't make any sense. So there is no sense in which, let me put another spin. I forget the book, but the sense of if you're working for steve jobs, it's a new your hands, you're the engineer behind iphone and there's a sense in which his salary is stealing from your efforts, because it that the legal, I forget, the birth rate is literally the terminology. Is you always this straight? I've come arc light sure? Yes, I sort of trade, but at a comic book, that there is no sense. Morally speaking, that you see that as the other way around

that engineer sealing off of iron and it's not stealing it. But the engineers getting more from from Steve jobs by a lot now by a little bit did steve jobs is getting from any danger Yup, even if there are great engineer the probably wait engineers it could replace it would even have a job without steve jobs. with the industry exist without Steve jobs without the giants that carry these things forward. Let me ask you this emmi, your scientists, you resent einstein for be smarter than you. I mean you and you are you angry with it? Would you would you would you feel negative towards him if he was in the room right now? Would you if you came into the room Oh, my god, I mean you in a few people who, I think, some of them a problem be smart as you and me fisher and your attitude toward them is one of reverence, while one

interesting, little side question: there is what is the natural steel being for us humans? You kind of implied education. Has the polluter mise blake? If I give you referring to jealousy thy stein question steve jobs question, I wonder which way if were left without education will naturally go. So there is no such thing as the natural state. In that sense,. This is this is the myth of of who sows, noble, savage. of john walls is behind the veil of ignorance. Well, if you ignorant you ignore me this, you can't make any decisions, you just ignorant urine there is no human nature, the determines how you will relate to other people you have a later the people based on the conclusions you come to about how to relate to other people. You,

relate to the people as values. To use your terminology from the perspective of of this other human being is a value to me, and I wanted trade with them and trade. The beauty of treaties it win win, I want to benefit and they are going to be that unwanted screw them. I don't want him to screw me. I want us to be win win all you can deal with other peoples, threats as enemy, much of human history. We have done that and therefore as it was some world what they have I want out. I will take it. I will use forced to take it. I will use political forces, they gonna. We used the force of my arm ticket. I will just take it so those are two options right and and they will determine whether we live in civilization on up and they are determined by conclusions. People come to

about the world and the nature of reality in the nature of morality and the nature of politics. In all these things, there determined by philosophy. And this is why philosophy so important, because so far, ass if he shapes evolve, doesn't do this. It doesn't just happened idea, shape how we relate to other people. You say well little children, do it what little and don't have a frontal cortex, why it's not relevant rate What happens when, as you develop a frontal cortex as you develop the brain you, learn ideas, and those ideas will shape how you relate to other people. And if you look good ideas, you will lead to other people in a healthy, productive winwin and if you develop, bad ideas, you resent other people, and you will want this stuff, and the thing is that you when progress depends on the win, win relationship. It depends

civilization, depends on peace. It depends on alone. People going back to what we talked about only allowing people, the freedom to think for themselves and any time you try to ensure that your causing damage to this change in america is not some reversion to a natural state. It's a ship deny it. We we still live. Is it the better part of american society in the world, still lives and the remnants of the enlightenment? The alignment ideas that I give the brought about this scientific revolution, ideas that brought about the creation of this country and at the same basic ideas. led to both of us and as those ideas get more distant as those ideas are not defended. As though does ideas disappears, enlightenment goes away.

we will become more violent, more resentful, more tribal, more noxious, more unpleasant, more primitive. A very specific example of this, though, that bothers me a be curious to get your comment on so you're mosque is a billionaire, and one of the things that really Maybe it was a pet peeve. It really bothers me when the press and the general public will say what are those rockets they're sending up there? Those are just like the toys, the games, the billionaires play That to me billion years I'm a dirty word to use like as if money can- by or has anything to do with genius, like I

m m trench articulate a specific gum. Line of course, in here, because I just I just bought it me, I guess the question is like why: how do we get here? How do we get out of that because you are mosque is doing so in the most incredible things at a human being. Has I participate in in mostly not he doesn't build. Iraq is himself, is getting a bunch of other geniuses together that heretics genius that takes years, but why well, where do we go and how do we get back to where you almost designers? I figure, as opposed to a billionaire playing with some toys, so this is the role philosophy. It goes back to the same place. It goes back to our understanding. The world in a wall in it, and if you to stand that the only way to become a billion. If, for example, is decreed value, valuevo value for people are going to consume. It. only what is to become a billion. It only wait

elon musk became a billion is to paper paypal sunday, while use We pose an enormous value to all of us. It's why? It was several billions of dollars, which alone must could, then you know, but you cannot become a billion it in a free society by exploiting people. You cannot because you'll be you he laughed. Nobody will deal with you. Nobody will have an interaction with you, the only. wait. You become a billion, it is to do billions of winwin transaction. So the only way to become a billion in a free society is to change the world to make it a better place billion as of the great humanitarians of our time, not because they give charity, but because they make them billions. and its true that money and g He is not necessarily correlate bit you become a billionaire without being super smart. You cannot be a billion by figuring

Something out that nobody else has figured out a well, it happens to be in that thing that you figure out has to be something that provides immense value to other people. Where do we go wrong? We Go along. Our culture goes wrong because it views billion is as self interest as selfish and is the sense in which an since its absolutely true the billion. It doesn't ask from my opinion on what product to launch. alone must doesn't ask others what they think you should spend money on. What the greatest social well being will be. I mean the sense in which the market, I toys there's a sense in which he chose that he would have he would, inspired the most. He would have the most far by going to moss and building rockets anybody's folly dreamt of rockets from when he was a kid

and probably always played with rockets, and now he has the funds the capital to be able to deploy, so he's be selfish, obviously he's being self interested. This is what elon musk is about. I mean this with with a japanese official committee to decide whether to invent you know to to invest in called computing or not basis, decided that, and at the end of the day they are the bosses they pursue the values, they believe are good. They pursue They create the wealth, it's the decisions of the mind and the act as we live in a world where the two thousand plushy is self interest, even though we all do it the more extensive. The last we,

He met as motherly a poet, it's bad! It's wrong. I mean your mother, probably taught you the same thing. My mother told me think of others. First think of yourself last, the good stuff is kept for the guests. You never get to use the good stuff you know it's others, that's what the focus of morality is now no. Mother even know jewish mother, should we believes that rate because I don't really want you to be last. They want you to pay first and they push you to be But molly they taught their entire lives and they believe that await thing to say and to some extent, do Is that all you for sacrifice for other people, so most people? Ninety nine percent of people are torn.

They know they should be self. Less sacrifice live other people they only one too, so they act selfishly in a day to day life and they feel guilty can be happy. They can't be happy and jewish mothers and catholic ones the excellent at using that guilt to manipulate you. Guilt is inevitable because you ve got these two conflicting things The way you want to live in the way you ve been taught to live and would have checked of his in does. Is it at the end of the day, provide you with the way to unite morality, a proper well with what What and to think about what you really want to to conceptualize what you really want properly. So what you want is really good for you and what you want will really lead to your happiness. So you know we reject the idea of sacrifice. We reject the idea of living for other people, but that's better.

If, if, if you believe, if believed that the purpose of morality is to sacrifice for other people,. And you look at our gps, us who was the last. I be sacrificed anyway, he's living pretty well he's got billions that could give it all away any it. He doesn't how day, You know in in my in my talks I often position and I'm going to use voki sorry guys. He brought the conspiracy theory that all bs complete and utter nonsense is not to you. You know I disagree with bill gates and everything political. I think he politically complete ignoramus, but the guy genius when it comes to technology in and we each thoughtful even in this philanthropy, he just uses his mind, and I respect that, even though politically to anyone think about this,

who had a bigger impact on the lives of poor people in the world bill gates or mother teresa bill gates, it's not even close. And mother teresa lived this altruistic life to the course she lived it consistently and yet she was miserable, pathetic hollow, but he hated her life. She she she It's especially and most people. She helped didn't do very well because she just help them not die by it, and then Bill gates changed all any helped a lot of by providing technology. We, even if I had to be guessed it in the food, gets them at first what if it yet, who is of all saint sainted, is not determined. Based on what you do to father people. Sainted is based on how much comic pain you suffer. I, like ass people, to go to a museum and look at all the paintings of saints, how many of them a smiling and a happy the other views to got arose through them in holes in their body and they suffering a horrible death. The hope

to them. A reality we are taught is that happiness is immorality that happy happy. People cannot be good people and the good people suffer. And suffering is necessary for morality. Morality is about sacrifice of sacrifices and suffering, and at the end of the day, almost all the problems in the world boil down to that false view. So. He would try to talk about part of the problem of the word selfishness. Let's talk about the virtue of selfishness, solace, the fact that for me, I really enjoy doing stuff for other people, I enjoy.

being cheering on the success of others. Why, as do you know about it? Why? Because I think you do now, if I were, you really think. I don't I don't wanna resorts like evolution. Arguments are like that also english, so I think. I can tell you why I must really helping others. Were you mean Maybe you can go there like one thing she taught by love a little bit I'll. Tell you there's a part of me: that's a little bit, not rational, like there's a got the follow, That not everything I do is perfectly rational. For example, my dad criticizes me. He says that you should always have a plan. I get an issue makes sense. You shut up at a gene, And- and I say that you know I left- I stepped off my full sally position and eighty eight-

there's so things I did without like a plan is the gut is like. I want to start a company. Will you know many companies fail? I don't know I it as it's got entered the same thing will being kind to others is, is a good day. I watched the way a calmer works this world that the people like us, one guy, look up to Joe rogan that he does the fathers and that that the joy he expects it is the way he sees the world like just think, the glimmering his eyes, because he does stuff for others, they created joyful explained, There's some how's. She used to be an instructive way too. That's me is inspiring life while live, but you probably know a lot of people who have done stuff. Others were not happy too, so I dont just doing stuff, fathers that is brings to happiness is why you do stuff fathers and

else you doing in your life in and what what is there? What is the proportion? But it's why, at the end of the day, which is which is in and it's the same, look you can you can? Maybe you have got feelings, when you start a company, but you better start doing thinking about how and why and all of that stand the. Why? Because if you really want be happy doing this. You may better make sure you doing it for the white reason. So I'm not. You know this ethical, fast thinking that common did the indiana common yeah. He had any common talks about an end diversity. It's it's you know all the integrations you ve made so find your life cause you to have specialised knowledge and said things, and you can think very fast and an end. Your gut tells you what that what the white answer is it? But it's not it's your mind is constantly evaluating and constantly working.

you want to make it a rational. Is you can not in the sense that I have to think through every time you get decision but that they so programme my mind in a sense The answers are the right answers you know in in in went when I get them. So you know a lake. I view other people as a value either will contribute enormously to my life, whether it's a romantic love relationship or whether it's a friendship, relationship or whether it's just. Yeah I'll, just be those creating amazon and and delivering to my home, when I get them and and and people do all that rights are just chippies us He gets them with credit, but everybody in a chain of command. Everybody at amazon is working for me. I love that, I love the idea of a human being. I love the idea that there are people capable of

being an einstein of being you know, and in creating and building in making stuff, that makes my life so good. I you know most of us like this is not a good, for example, most of us like plants where we like patsy, I don't particularly with people like patch white. we'd like to see life human beings, life on steroids, right that life with a brain. It's amazing what they can do. I love people. Now that doesn't mean I love everybody cause. There's some do really bad people up were hate written and I do hate. And their people out there that I just I have no opinion about, but generally the idea of a human being To me, as a phenomenon you, when I see a baby, I light up because to me as a potential in this. If it did this this magnificent,

ensure that is embodied in that and when I see people struggling and need help, I think the human beings, the they know they embody that potential. They body that goodness they might turn out to be bad. but why would I ever give the presumption of that? I give them the presumption of the positive in a cheer them on and in a in a in a joy watching people succeed, I'm joy watching people get to the top of the mountain and and produce something, even if I don't get anything directly from I enjoy that because it's part of my enjoyment of. Life said the word the to you, the morality of selfishness, this kind of love of other human beings. The love of life fits into A morality of selfishness can't not because it it's it's, you there's! No. context in which you can truly love yourself with loving life and loving what it means to be human soul.

You know, the love of yourself is gonna, manifest itself differently in different people, but its call. What do you love a budget of you. First of all, I love. I love that I'm a lie I loved and I love this world and the opportunities it provides me in the fund in the excitement of discovering something new and meaning you personally and having a conversation you know all of this is is is is immense, enjoyable bit behind. All of that is that it is a particular human capabilities, and not only I have other people have and the The fact that they haven't makes my life so much more fun because up so it's it's, you cannot view you not all integrated. You cannot view yourself in isolation of that. Doesn't that does, place? A moloch commandment on me help everybody whose poor did you happen to meet in the street. It doesn't place a burden on me in a sense that now I have this model.

Beauty to help everybody, it leaves me free to make decisions about who are helping, who I don't do something Why will not help this some people? Who do wish positive things upon bad people should have bad outcomes. Bad people should suffer. So and you have the freedom to choose who's, good who's, bad. Will. Then your decision based on your values now I think, there's an objectively to it, desert as a standard by which you shall evaluate good, vs, bad and that's that it should be. To what extent do they contribute or hurt human life? The standard of human life- and so when I say look at a jet pieces, I say he's contributed to cuba life good guy. I might disagree with them on stuff. We might disagree about politics. disagree about women where I just I don't know what we are good, but overall big picture. He is pro life I look at somebody like you not to take like now,

I point nine percent of all politicians and they are poor death. The airport destruction the upvote cutting corners in ways that destroy human life and human potential and human ability. So I literally hate almost every politician out and I wish ill on them right. I don't want them to be successful or happy. I want them all to go away, leave me alone, so I believe in justice. I believe good things should happen to good people and bad things should ever be happy. So I can. I make those generalizations based on this one. You don't know the half of it. You know I should say all politicians like survive, I left thomas jefferson and enjoyed washing. I love event. Can I love people who fought for freedom and believe in freedom? We had these ideas and lived up to at least a part of their lives to those principles are dirty. Thomas jefferson was flawed because he helped slaves, slowly, but the virtues way at way that, in my view- and I understand people don't accept that

though also love and hate the entirety of the person. This part that I personally you that you're driving the major parties pull life and therefore and pull that pushing and- and I think and I said earlier the objectives, the fancy of love and I believe that, because Activists is about you life about loving your life, about embracing your life about engaging. The word about love being the world in which you live. about win, win relationships with other people, which means to a large extent, loving the good in other people and the and the best in other people and encouraging that as supporting and promoting it. So I know selfishness is a harsh word, because the culture is given it that harshness. Selfishness is a harsh word, because the people who don't like selfishness, Want you to believe it's a harsh word, but it's not. What does it mean? It means focus on self. It means take care of self. It means make yourself your highest priority, not your only priority, because in taking care of self

What? What? What would I be without my wife? Would I be without the people who are? Who support me? Help me? Who? Who? Why have these love relationships with it? It is so other people are crucial. What would that my life be without Steve? Jobs edged, have jobs right a lot of things emerging here, just as just be beautiful, So one is one when so one key thing about this selfishness in their day of objectives and is the philosophy of love, is that you don't want paris to them. So that goes. That is unethical. If you actually is. First of all, you say it win, win a lot, and I just like that terminology, because it's a good way to see life has tried to maximize the number of winwin interactions after the security business, actually real life generally. I think every aspect life you, you wanna have a win, win relation with joy imagined,

We would lose either way. If you When is she loses how long? A second is suggesting. so win lose relationships are not in equilibrium. what are they turn into? His lose lose like win, lose turns into losers and it the so. The alternative, the only attentive to lose losers, win win and you win and the person you love wins at. What's better than that, I have a that's the way to maximize so like the selfishness if you are trying to maximize the win, but the way to maximise the win is to to maximize win win. Yes, and it turns out an Adam smith understood this a long time ago, if you focus on your own winning, while respecting other people as human beings, then everybody wins and the beauty of capitalism to go back to capitalism. For second, the beauty of capitalism, as you cannot be successful in

listen with out producing values that other people appreciate and therefore willing to buy from you and they buy them in. This goes back to the question about the engine. Steve jobs, wise engineer working it because you ve got paid more than his time is worth to him. I know people like to think in those terms with that's the reality, it is time, is worth more to him than what he's getting paid. You would leave so he's winning. his apple winning. Yes, because they getting more productivity from him, the getting more from him, then what peace actually producing is stuff is tough, because the human psychology perfect information is just makes it a little monsieur Then the clarity I think you have about this is just in our because for sure but not everything in life is an economic transaction. It ultimately is close by

Even if it's not an economic, I even if it's as if it's a if the relationship transaction, when you a point with a friend we we are gaining from the relationship. Friendships, gonna, be all not immediately because it takes time for these things to manifest itself into really absorbing too, but we change friendships, We change our loves right, we fall. and out of love, we fall out of love because we're not love, but it's a listless quebec. Of ec love is the most selfish of all emotions. Love is about what you do to me. so I love my wife. Could she makes me feel better about myself? So, You know. The idea of selfless love is bizarre, and so I man used to say before you, sir. I love you. You have to say that I am you have to know who you why you have to appreciate yourself. If you hate yourself, what does it mean to less audio, so

Am I I love my way. Could you make me feel great about the well and she lives me for the same reason, in so many just use. This example. Imagine you go up to you to be spouse the night before the wedding, and he say you know I get nothing out of this relationship. I'm doing this purely as an act of noble self sacrifice. she would slap you ass. She shouldn't right, so now we know this intuitively. That love is selfish, but we afraid to admit to ourselves in why? Because the other side is convinced us that selfishness is associated with exporting other people, Selfishness means lying cheese, stealing walking with corpses back stabbing people, but is, that everyone yourself interest truly bait.

I I'll offer be front of an audience to say: ok, how many people here of light kitty rate? How many of you think that that if you did consistently. That would make you like better. Nobody thinks that, because everybody's experience how shitty lying, not because if I would make, you feel out of a sense of guilt, existential, just a bad strategy at night did you get caught? You have to create the lies to cover up the previous lie. It screws up with your own psychology new own cognition. You know the mind to some extent like a computer right is an integrating me. In any computer science. I understand. There's a term called garbage in garbage out lying is garbage it yeah. So it's not good strategy, cheating or school. Your customers in a business not paying your suppliers is a businessman, not good.

This practice is not good practices being alike, so win win is both moral and practical and judy environments blushing. I think this is really important, is it the model. Is the practical in the practical is the more and this if you are Malo, you won't be happy here. That's the the connect! That's why the application of the philosophy of an objective reason is so easy to practice like they ordered, discuss open What a discuss! That's why you talked about only a cat, I'm not ambiguous about my view. In this fundamental practical I mean that's the best. The philosophies is practical. It's in a sense tiki, you how to live a good life and its thinking you how to live a good life, not just you, but as a human being, and therefore the principles that apply to you probably apply to me as well, and if we boast

the same principles of how to live a good life. We're not gonna be enemies when you brought up anarchy earlier is an interesting question, because you ve kind of said a politician. I mean parliament is littered with joking, but politicians are you now? a good people so, but we should have some say, so you even opposition to anarchism so the first of all they weren't always not bad people. That is, I gave examples of people who engage in political life or think we're good people, basically and and and but they think they get worse over time. If the system is corrupt and I think the system. Unfortunately even american system is good, it was was founded. quicksand and have corruption built in they didn't quite get it

and they need it. I went to get it, I'm not blaming them. I don't think they hoped they show any blame. You needed a philosophy in order to completely fulfil the promise. That is, america is a promise that is the fallacy of so the place where corruption sneaked in, as the lack of it in some way, the philosophy underlying the nation absolutely so It's it's christianity, it's it's! It's not that they hit on another controversial topic, its religion which on which under cut they morality. So the founders were explicitly christian and an altruistic in it. Morality, implicitly, in terms of actions that are completely secular and they were they were very secular, but in their morality even they were secular. So there's nothing in christianity who says The d you have in any other way to pursue happiness. That's unbelievably self interested in and based on a kind of up, more philosophy, vigo of it.

He goes to cma philosophy, but they didn't know that, and I didn't know how to ground it. They implicitly they had that fast thinking that gut that told them this was right and the whole enlightenment that period from John locke onto really tied to a huge that period. Bout of happiness using reason in pursuit of the good life, but they can't ground it. They don't. Really understand what reason is any all really understand what happiness was quiet and they can't detached alfalfa. Christianity then allowed to politically, and they kid I think, conceptual used. make that big break rand is an enlightened thinking that, since she is what should have followed right after great, she should have come in grounded them in the secular and in the egoistical aristotelian view of morality, as it is as a code of values to basic guide your life to guide you life towards happiness. That's

daughter she ate up, so they didn't have that so you you know, so I think that, government is necessary. Suddenness of evil is unnecessary, good cause. It does something good and the good, that it does, is it eliminates coercion from society? It eliminates violence from society it eliminates the use of force between individuals from society and dad would receive the argument that make a minor make give it chanced area? Why can't you apply the same kind of reason in the eu, the fact of the used for the rest of it? mutually agreed upon institutions that adjourn by capitalism, that you can't do also higher forces to protect us from the violence to ensure the stability of society that protects us from the wound.

Why why why draw the line at this particular place well being There is no other place to draw a line in there and there is a lie and better, We join lines. Other places rate We see, we don't vow, we don't. We don't have we dont atomic truth and science based on competition at the line I saw her so some people might say I mean this competition in a sense that you have altered the theories, but at the end of the day, whether you decided this he's right or he's right is not based on the market is based on facts on reality on objective reality you have to

you in, and some people will never accept that this person is right because they don't see the state so first of all what they reject. What most anarchist reject, even if they dont admitted or recognise it is they object? They they reject objective reality. In what sense so like I'll get it right, so there's a whole it so, the the whole realm of law is a scientific grounds to define, for example, the boundaries of private bob. It's not an issue of competition is not an issue of of of of. I have one system you have another system, it's an issue of objective reality? And now it's more? We called and science in a sense, because it's more difficult to prove that my conception of property is correct in you correct, but they have

who is the correct one in we alleys, correct vision, is more abstract but look Somebody has to decide what profit so I have, I find my property is defined by set boundaries. And I have a police force and I have a judiciary system the backs, my vision, and you have a claim against my pop iv, a claim against whip up and you have a police force, any judicial system. The back your claim whose right so that our definitions of property or different, yet definitions of Bobby all a claim on the property is different. so what was also socially, we must agree on the definition of property, but why should we

you write, your judicial system is, as one definition poverty might fisher system. Is that you? You think that there is no such thing as intellectual property rights, and your whole system believes that, and my whole system believes there is such a thing. Say you duplicating my books and handing them out to all your friends and not get pay me a wildly, and I, I think that's wrong. We admire judicial system in my police force. think. That's wrong and we both living in the same geographic area saw, We have overlapping jurisdictions. Now there just say: well, why should we negotiate? My system is actually wait. There is such a thing as until it populated negotiation, yet you walk and usually the pay, a fine, oh go to jail neighbour. Why can't because it's a the community's multiple there's multiple parties and it's like a majority vote, though there

I are different forces that says the eyes is as onto something here with the definition of property. Now we'll go with, that saw anarchist pro democracy, in the in the majority war says, while think so, I I think anarchy you know, so it promotes like emergent democracy right like they owe it. Doesn't it it it, it will I'll tell you what it they promoted promotes image and strife and civil war and violence, constant, uninterrupted violence, because the only way to settle the dispute between us, since we both think that we are right- and we have guns behind us to protect that, and we have a legal Since then, we have whole theory of ideas. Is: is your stealing my stuff? How do I get it back? I invade you right. I take over you know and in who's gonna who's gonna win that about the smartest guy, while the girl, with the biggest gun, sibert, the etiquette

say that they using implied like their state uses, imply the fourth already doing violent because they ve date. They take the state as it is today and they refuse to engage in the conversation about what a state should and could look like and how we can create mechanisms to protect us from the state using those those do Look. This is my view of anarchy. Is very simple: it's ridiculous position, its Pinta. I mean really meanness weight in and outside to michael bit and an all yeah, very smart, very with very, very animals. Atticus kazanovitch is never. You won't find a dumb anarchist. right, because dumb people know it wouldn't work, you have to have its actual issue, you have our own iq vienna

sure they're all really does your intelligence, and the reason is that you have to create such a methodology in your head We have to create so many rationalizations any joe in the street knows it doesn't work because they can understand what happens when two people who are aunt are in the street and have a dispute and there's no mechanism to resolve that dispute yeah that objective than seven. This is where it gets the objective that objective the whole point of government is That is the objective authority for determining the truth in one will guard in regard to force, because ass. The only alternative to determining it when it comes to force is through force. The only way to resolve disputes is through.

or through this negotiation, which is unjust, because if one party tonight my punishment, why negotiate and This is the point I am not against competition of governance, I'm all full competition of governs. We do that. All the time is called countries. The united states has a sudden governance structure. The soviet union had given a structure. Mexico is in its structure and the competing, and we can observe the competition we and enough. In my words, you could move freely from one governance to another. If you didn't like your governance, you would move to a better governance system, but they have to have autonomy within a geographic area. Otherwise, what you get is complete and utter civil war, the law One needs to be objective and the needs to be one laugh over a piece of ground, and if you disagree with that law, you can move somewhere else where they may. This is Federalism is such a beautiful system. Even within the united states, we have states

Certain issues were allowed to disagree between states like the death penalty. Some states do some phaeton fight in I can move on Wednesday if I don't like it, but this issues you cannot have disagreements slavery, for example. This is what we had a civil war let me one other argument against anarchy. Markets exist with force has been eliminated sacking. again, my markets exist with a wall of force has been eliminated, the rule of force. Yes, no it all a market will exist, We know that you can't pull a gun me and my stuff, I will to engage in transaction with you. If We have an implicit understanding that we're go to use force against each other, so force has something special to it. Yes, it is special. It overrides because we are still agree

we can manipulate each other. Yes, but first we force canal. so what is it something fundamental about violence forces is a fundamental force. It's the anti reason. It's the anti life, it's the anti force against another person. In it, what it does is shuts down the mind right so. order to have a market. You have to extract force the falcon he ever market in force. it when I daresay instagram channel called natures metal where it has all these videos of anna basically having a market of force. Yes, but that shuts down, they believe reason. Animals don't need to, because they can't say They saw the innovation that is, human beings is a capacity to reason and therefore the realisation of forced to the animals we don't do.

Force civilizations. What we don't have force and so what you have is you can, I have a market in that which a market requires the elimination of it, and I you know I I dont debate. Formerly these but I interact with him all the time and you can is absurd. Arguments way. You know David Friedman will say that's milton Friedman son. He will say something Well, he's somalia in another What of Somalia, where they have no government? You have these wonderful! You have these tribal tribunals, tribes enables all disputes yeah barbarically They sure real law. They have no respect for individual rights, no respect for property and the only reason have any authority is because they have guns and they have power and they have force, and they do it barbarically. There's nothing civilising about the courts of somalia and and and they write about

pirates and because they've you force, they don't view forces something unique that must be extracted from human life and that's why anarchy has to devolve into violence because it treats forces just what's the big deal with negotiating you know, over guns, so we recall a lot of high level philosophy, but I'd like to touch on the troubles, the chaos of the day, a couple of things, and I really would trying to find a hopeful path way out. So one is the current corona pandemic, in particular, not the virus, but our handling of it, is there Something philosophically politically they you'd like to see the eu like to recommend that you would like to maybe give a hopeful message. If we take that

subject. You may be able to get out his own kind of worried about the economic pain that people are feeling that there's this quiet suffering I mean I agree with you completely. There is a quite suffering, it's horrible! I mean I know people I you know, I I go to a lot of restaurants. I would one of the things we love to do is is eat out. My wife doesn't like cooking anymore. I don't care who idiotic kids in a house anymore, so she doesn't have to so god a lot we restaurants and because we have our favorite go to them a lot. We get to know the owners of the restaurant, the chef there and it's just heartbreaking. You know these people put a life, you know the blood, sweat and tears. I mean real blood, sweat and tears into these projects. Restaurants are super difficult to to manage most the go bankrupt anyway, and investors we go to a good rest answer. They ve done a good job and if they did, they got a unique value and they shut them. Now.

and you know many of them will never open eurozone to estimate fifty sixty percent of restaurants in some places won't open. These are people's lives. These are people's capital. These are people that effort these are people's lives. Talk about lovely love. What they do is critically stay the chef as well, and it's gone. in its disappear and what are they gonna do with their life's? Not gonna live off the government. The we are politicians would like them bigger and bigger stimulus plan, so we can hand checks the people to get him. You, the living off of us. Rather it's disgusting and its offensive in its unbelievably said and this is where it comes to this. I care about other people. I mean this idea, the objectivist don't care, I mean I love these people who who provide me with pleasure of eating wonderful food at a in a in a great environment. Is something inspiring about them too, like when I say restaurant. I want to do better with my my own stuff, yeah, exactly it's it's it's eat them inspiring that anybody who does it is actually

sports, because it's the one who elm in which he'd still value and celebrate excellence. I, but I Try to celebrate excellence. Everything in my life. I hate you. I tried it be nice, to these people, and you with covered with which we went mortar restaurants of billina. I we didn't want take out stuff. We made an effort, particularly the restaurant. We really loved it to keep them going to encourage them to support the problem. Is the palm of his philosophy drives the world? The response, the covert his being worse than pathetic and its driven by Lastly, its driven by disrespect science, I ignorance and disrespect of statistics, disrespect of individual human decision. Making government has to decide everything for us at and in just three

out the process in a dish, effective market because we didn't lead market work to try to facilitate what we needed in order to deal with this virus. If you look at it, it's interesting that the only place on the planet it's done well with this are of asia by taiwan. Did phenomenally with this and the vice president of Taiwan is a epidemiologist. So he knew what he was doing and they got it right from the beginning. South korea did did amazing Even hong kong and singapore, its veto, hong kong is just very few. Deaths and economy wasn't shut down in any of those places. There were no luck, downs in any of those places. The cdc had plans before this habit, and how did you good plant? Indeed, if you ask people around the world before the pandemic, which country

best prepared for pandemic. They would have said the united states because of the cdc plans and how all of our emergency reserves, and, although in the wealth Yet all of that when out the window, because people panicked people didn't think go back to reason. People were arabic. And refused to dictate to use the tools that they have at their disposal to deal with this. So you it was pandemics. It's very simple! How you deal with pandemics, and this is how south korea and taiwan into you deal with them by not by testing tracing and icily, but set, and you do it well and you do it vigorously and you do it. Scale, if you have to- and you scale up to do- and we have the wealth to do that. So one question I have, as it is a difficult one, so that talk about love a lot

you ve just talked about our trump again to you, though, this particular segment would be full of division from the internet, but I believe that should be and can be fixed. What I'm referring to in particular is the division, because we ve talked about value of reason and would have noticed on the internet. Is the division shuts down reason? So when people hear you say tromp, actually the first sends you said about from they'll, hear trial in the ears. Will perk up and they'll immediately start in that first sentence? They'll say: is he a trump supporter or they are not accepted in anything else after in the after that benefit and at what? How do so? My question: is you as one of the beacons? intellectual instantly quite honest, sending says silly to say, but you are a beacon reason. How do we bring people together?

long enough to where we can reason. I mean is no easy way out of this, because the fact that people have become tribal- and they have very tribe up and in a tribe. In the tribe reason doesnt matter in its all about emotion so about belong. You now belong, you don't want Stand out. You don't want to have a different opinion. You wanna belong, then it's all belong. It took us decades to give it back two tribalism, where we were hundreds of years ago it took millennium to get out of tribal it. It's a thing like that to get us to the point of individualism, what we think in recent respect, for we before that. We often say to these later, to get us out of it. We ve benin, they labour for about two hundred fifty years, influenced by the layman and work in its favour. The impact is failing.

So what would we need to get out of it? We need self esteem. People join a tribe because they don't trust their own mind. People join a tribe because they are afraid to stand on their own two feet: their faith to think for themselves. They're free to be different, they're free to be unique, they're free to be an individual people need self esteem to gain selfish. damn they have to. They have to have respect for rationality, they have to think and they have to achieve, and they have to recognize that achievement and to do that they have to be. They have to have respect for thinking. They have to have to respect for reason, and we have to and and think about, the schools. We have to have scores, each people to think teach people to devalue their mind. We have schools, a teach people to feel in value their feelings. We have group

sexual sitting around a circle discussing politics, what they don't do anything they know it. She, you don't know anything when you ignorant. Yes, you can feel, but your feelings are useless, as as decision making tours But, but we emphasise emotion which all of us civilization and emotion. This is why they talk about this generation of snowflakes. They can't hear anything that did to oppose wish to, because they've not learned how to use their mind, how to think, and so it boils down to teaching people that think two things how to think and how to care about themselves, since it's thinking or self esteem and the connected, because when you think you achieve which gains you, he gains your self esteem when you have Self esteem, it's easier to think for yourself and I dont know how you do that quickly. I mean, I think

leadership matters. So you know part of what I try to do is try to encourage people to do those things, but I am a small voice. You asked me. What will you say we stuck about? Why I'm not more famous, I'm not a mistake You know my following is not big. It's very small in in a in in the in the scope of things yours and objectivism, and that question you, could you lingering it for a moment? Why is an objective, ism, more famous and think because it so challenge it? it's our challenging to me right when I first encountered objective wisdom, it's like, after that, The shock and after the first of kind of none of this can be true. This is all bs in fighting it once I got it, it was easy. It was easy, it's a required years of studying, but it was easy in the of yes. This makes it, but it's challenging because it up and everything it really.

Says what my mother tarpeys wrong. It won't my politicians say, left and right is wrong. All It is not a single politician, on which I agree with an almost anything because on the fundamentals we disagree and what might teaches a telling me is wrong and what Jesus said is wrong and it is hot. But the thing is so you you thought about how to install that kind of stuff, but in a most people, care, the them the more powerful thing about objective isms, the practical of my life of how I revolution as my life, and that feels to be like a very important in an appealing you know get shit together. This is why Israel, Jordan Petersen, is so much more successful than we are likewise

Maybe your bed? I would add that make your better. We ask because his person responsible eu shallow its make your bed stand of streets with my mother told me when I was growing up, there's nothing new about peter, he says embraced. We share your christianity, fine by religion. It's ok! I just do the few things and you'll be fine. You by the way he says happiness You know, you either have it you? Don't you know it's random, you don't! Actually, you can bring about you own happiness, sisco people in easy out. People want easy out. People buy sought, help books that give them five principles for living at you know shallow. I ain't telling them think stand on your own

feet, be independent, don't listen to your mother. Do your own thing, but thoughtfully not based on emotions. She irresponsible not just for a set of particular cabinets and so on, you're responsible for everything has seen yoga spot. Here's the is the big one rate. You are responsible for shaping your own soul, your consciousness. You get to the what can be like and that the only till you have your mind, you only reason is is, is you might well your motions play at all when they're probably cultivated? They play a role in that the tools you have is thinking experiencing living coming to the right conclusions. You know, listening to great music and and watching good movies and and and and ot, is very important in shaping your own soul in helping.

You do this, it's gotta! It's got a crucial role in that, but its work and its lonely work, because it's what you do with yourself if you find somebody who you love, who shares these values, and you can do with them that great but obviously lonely work. It's hard. It's challenging is up in your world. The word is unbelievable, but but even at that, I think about think about the latent right So up until the late mid, where was truth, truth came out book and there were few people who understood the book. Most of us couldn't read and they conveyed it to us and they just told us what to do and in that sense life's easy. It sucks and we die young and we have nothing and we don't enjoy it. But it's easy and then later comes around it says we ve got this tool. It called reason and it allows us to discover the truth about toward the sun in a book. It's actually you.

Reason allow you discover stuff about the war, and I consider the first really the first figure, the lengthened newton, not block right. It's a scientist. Does he teaches us the laws of mechanics like how to stop work and people go how well. This is cool. I can use my mind I can discover truth. Isn't that amazing and everything opens up, wants you to hey. If I can discover, if I understand the laws of motion fighting a distinction, in the work. How can I can decide who I marry? I mean everything was fixed in those it. How can I can't decide what profession I should be re? Everybody would build to gild. How can I can decide what political leaders should be that, so it's all reason. It's all. once you understand that, because have your mind understand, truths understand reality discovered with none at central, discover everything opposite now you can take responsibility for your life has now you have the tools,

do it, but we are living in an ever way. Postmodernism tells us there is no truth. There is no reality in our mind, is useless anyway. Critical way. Still. He tells us that you turned by your ways and you re shapes everything in your free will is meaningless and your reason doesn't matter because reason is shaped by your genes and shaped by your color views, get its north wastes theory of all, and you ve got you ve got offended c, o vine telling them up your senses. Don't tell you anything about reality where reality is what it is and do you know? What's the purpose of reason, it's the invent, stop, it makes the falcon, and what use is that its complete fantasy? You basically got every philosophical into

actual voice in the culture telling them. The reason is impotent. There's like a steven pinker who tries- and I love pinker and is- is really good and I love his books, but you know he needs to be stronger about this and his few people. I'm kind of this, a few people partially in intellectual doc web in other ways, were begun reason, but not consistent enough and not fallen standing of what it means or what it implies then there's little old me ever against the world in a sense, because I'm not only will it accepts protected to articulate the case for reason, but then what that implies, anyplace freedom? It applies capitalism. It applies taking. Personally, What will you of your life and then what intellectual dock work, people get to reason and all parties you eat you can,

whatever. No, you can't. You can't be a socialist and for reason that it doesn't actually that those are incompatible and you can't be a determinist and for reason, reason and determinism don't go together. The whole point of reason is that it's an achievement and requires effort and requires age. Many requests choice, so it is. It does feel like a little because that's that's it! allies? I have our allies. I have allies among the sum libertarians over economics have some allies in the intellectual doc, where maybe over we and but none of them are allies in the full sense of my allies or the other objectivist. But we just do not a lot of us for people. Listening to this for the few folks kind of listen to this and thinking about the trajectory of their own life. I guess the take away.

his reason is a difficult project, but a project that's worthy of taking on yea and it is difficult. Is I dunno if difficult is the right way because difficult sounds like it's in a hive to push the boulder up a hill? It's not difficult in that set its difficult and sensitive guys, energy and focus. It requires effort, its immediately rewarding it's fun. To do and its rewards are immediate or are a pretty quick rate. It takes a while to undo all the garbage that you have better. We all have that. I had it took me years and years and years to get rid of certain concepts and emotions that I had that didn't make any sense, but it it takes a long time to fill the it's great that so I don't want it to sound like it's a burden like it's hard. In that sense, it does require focus and energy, and I don't want to sound like a duck the spot,

I don't want to see it. I don't think I do because I'm pretty fashion a guy but I don't want it appear, like all forget about emotions, emotions how you experience the world want to have strong emotions. You wanna, live you unexplored his life strongly and passionately. You just need to know that emotions and archive it's another. Well, it's I don't mix the well think about outcomes and then experience them, and sometimes your motions won't coincide with what you think should be an m means this still more integration to be done as told you you're, fine, I've been a fan of europe for a long time has been lost truck really on a girl and more costly than on the eye, I highly recommend that people that have an x is heard. Your work

Listen to it for the urine berkshire. You know the times. I disagreed with something up here. You say is usually a first step on a journey of learning a lot more about that thing about their viewpoint and that's been so fulfilling has been a gift, the passion You know you talk while reason alive, but passion radiates in in a way that shares the contagious and awe inspiring. So thank you for everything for this world. This is truly an honour and a pleasure to thought you were you and in its it's my. What is that that if I've had an impact on you and people like you, while That's that's amazing. You will you and you wrote to me an email saying you being a fan. Was blown away cause. I had no idea and completely unexpected an innate. You know every if you must say, discover hey. I had an impact on the spot and people there We have never thought and they. So you know

the only way to change the world is to change. One minded today and in the end, when you we have an impact on a good mind and a mind that cares about the world than a mind. It goes out and does something about it and then you get exponential growth so through you, I've impact at other people and now how you get that. Are you ultimately be change? Everything in and sign it of everything I'm I'm optimistic in a sense that I think that the progress we ve- today is so universally accepted that scientific progress at the college close it can just vanished, like a did under, went wrong, collapsed And whether it in the united states a some way, progress will continue. The did it did. The human project for human progress will continue

and I think these ideas, ideas of reason and individualism will always be at the heart of it. And you know what we are doing is continuing the project of the enlightenment and and it's the project. The will was saved this the say the human race and allow it to two fold: elon musk and form gps us to reach the stars. Thank you for masterfully, ending and hopeful. Now, Uruguay, pleasure and honour thanks thanks for listening to us. our social europe brook and thank you too sponsors blinkers. am I use for reading through summaries of books expressly beyond the gps. If used for many years to protect my privacy on the internet and cash app the app I used to send money to friends, please check out the sponsors in the description to get a discount and to support this podcast. If you enjoy this thing subscribe on youtube review it with fast, as in apple podcasts, follow on spotify support on patriot.

and a connect with me on twitter at lex Friedman, and now let me leave you with some words from iron rand: do not let your fire go out, spark by irreplaceable spark in the hopeless swamps of the not quite the not yet, and the not at all. Do not let the hero in your soul perish in lonely, frustration for the life you, served and have never been able to reach the word, the desire can be won. It exists. It is real, it is possible. It is yours. Thank you for listening and hope to see you,

Next time.