Already folks are today we are going to go through, in short, for the entire history of american journalism, its perversion, what it was, what it kind of has become. This is sponsored by birch gold. Ok, so, let's start from the very beginning of the american republic. So the first thing to understand about american journalism is that he founders did in fact cries american journalism, but journalism was locked we political pamphlets hearing. There is no notion of an objective press like one objective press that was going to just tell you the fact everything was politically engage. All the early newspapers in the american republic- and there are many many newspapers in the american republic- all of them had titles like the Democrat, warlike, be republican or like the federalist If you look at the early american republic a perfect example of sort of journalists. In the early days, we'll get him james calendar, so James calendar was a rather famous below

while pamphleteer of the time he worked as an independent journalist, what this meant is that he was actually hired by political campaigns, go dig up stuff on the other guy and then print it. He wrote a lot anonymously and then he became pretty famous because he was at odds with the federalists, the federalist for those number. There reckon history that had been george Washington. John Adams zander hamilton user, much allied with the radical republicans like thomas jefferson, and so he viciously attacked george. washington and John Adams. At the behest of Thomas jefferson, during eighteen hundred election, alexander Hamilton is the hamilton expos a really that made calendar famous because he exposed the relationship, the sexual relationships between Alexander Hamilton and a married woman, they maria Reynolds. Now he had claimed death relationship lead who essentially graph between hamilton and Maria Reynolds is husband, Hamilton claim you ve ever seen the musical that maria rennell her husband was essentially blackmailing him. Whatever the story was it made james calendar quite famous. It also

what made him pretty notorious when he was actually prosecuted under the alien sedition acts by the Adams, administration and eighteen, one hundred largely because he kept attacking John Adams over and over and over, and he put out pamphlets talking about the administration was treasonous and all the rest, the one turned thomas jefferson who had been his airlines patron, didn't end up wanting him to a patronage position that he thought that he deserved and so He then turned his journalistic skills on jefferson, so he was the first guy who reported publicly that jefferson, father children by his slaves, alley humming. So calendar is sort of us, figure in journalism, in the sense that he actually was really good at ferreting out pretty scandalous material, also, really cynically driven. There was no notion of objective journalism. Doesn't it? I was just bring me the fact he had an agenda. You brought that agenda to bear ok, so fast forward into the early days of the republic and what you end up with. It the most contentious issues of the day. Being adjudicated in the press by people who were actual activists so one great example of this is eliza. Perish loved

so Elijah lovejoy was a famous abolitionist journalist who was actually murdered for being an abolitionist journalist. He had worked in a place called the ST louis observer, and then he took the title observer. He kept applying it to the papers that he ran. it shot to death by a pro slavery mob, because located the observer in illinois, but went directly across the board in all to know when you look at directly across the border from misery, which was at the time a slave state, and The press was actually attacked like his warehouse to attack by a gun wielding mob and he got in a gun battle with the guys outside and he ended up being shot to death who shot five times and, as is typical, in that day and age. Unfortunately, the members of the mob ended up being acquitted. This is one of the sort of key moments in the abolitionist movement where it became absolutely clear that battle over slavery was going to be a bloody one. This was not going to be just a political debate. People work to die in this particular battle. It was kind of a shocking moment. I think, for for a lot of people on,

both sides of the. I was too how bloody this thing was going to get here so fast for all the way to the end of the civil war and horace greeley is already a very when in figure so horace greeley, who had a magnificent nuclear use. The founder and editor of the new york tribune and which is the biggest paper in at the time he was alive with the republican party. In fact, you may actually named it in eighteen. Fifty four. He was such a I called republican that he was more radical than abraham. Lincoln people tend to forget about the civil war era. Is that Abraham lincoln was the moderate? There are people in his own party willing, sewer to name one who is actually expected to win the eighteen sixty nomination, who pretty much are You for abolition right off the bat green lose. Lincoln to declare the end of slavery before we can actually wanted you and he supported the radical republicans in the aftermath of the civil war, the radical republicans where the people who are responsible for the thirteenth and fourteenth amendment They they really wanted to abolish many things, including segregation, but obviously, after lincoln, was shot

well that sort of went by the wayside? The radical republicans did what they could, but they are running into pretty strong headwinds. He was really disillusioned with Ulysses s grant, and this is where all the Words about you was just grant being kind of a drunk corrupt president came from where people like horace greeley, now revisionist history suggested a lot of that was exaggerated. The grant was not aware, while the corruption, that's, why you naturally, in recent years grants stock as president go off. If you, gave you'll be surveys of historians from that ninety ninety rank grant among the worst presidency now exactly ranked, as among the best president really and actually against grant is what you call them of a liberal republican and because the democrats in the south, rightly the former slaveholding state they want to grant the president. They supported him in their racial got. His aspect, but what he was really really famous for doing aside from running your tribunal, being evolved in politics is a very famous line. Go west young man go west and grow up with the country, which became a call for manifest destiny. post civil war, everybody should take advantage of the homestead act and they should settle the continent together. Activism journalism,

kind of one and the same or it's all part of the same thing. Then. After this we get the muck raking era, so them breaking. Europe is essential, Reform minded journalist is most famous for progressive air, which is mostly associate with journalism around the turn of the twentieth century and a second period. But there are thirty four predecessors in this particular era. These are people who didn't like rapid didn't like corruption and they reported alone. Those lines and sometimes exaggerated those reports it we'll get to in just a second, including people like. I did tar I to be well technically some of these Will our people who actually predate the democracy in georgia? I'd be wells, for example, who reported on corruption, the railroads and Jim crow tremendous journalist. She was technically prior to mock wrecking period, but within that that general rubric, guided harbour was considered. My break our she's, the personage of non standard oil and probably lead to the break up. Standard oilseed. She likes to attack what we call the big trusts: journalists like us

and clarify the jungle very famous book about the meat packing industry, much which is false, people were falling into the meat and then just being ground up into the mean. So you may beating bob when you and your dinner there night, even results at the network is crap, but more is pushed forward the pure food and drink hack, and so we did it anyway. T r had said with the mug rates are often indispensable to the well being of society but if they know when to stop rigging democracy very kind of teddy line, which is I want this stuff, but only as far as doesn't affect me in any case that worthy the phrase. Macgregor comes from and there's some predecessors to this lincoln steffens exposed the grafter tammany hall, embossed, tweed, tweed, about the sort of stuff back in middle school. There are all these journalists, and basically their job is to uncover a graft uncover corruption again very politically driven people. These are people who definitely had an agenda and they were very much associated with the progress inside of the isle of aggressive euro was all about the idea that there could be expert administration of government. That would serve why

away the corruption of politics, and so they they were very focused on and the sort of stuff, and they were, in fact, quite arson. Next thing that happens is yellow journal yellow journalism in my breaking, our king party the same general trend, there's no hard line between making journalism and yellow journals and yellow journalism is, is a term that's very often used to serve described the journalists we don't like these, but the division is not quite, as is hard and fast, as All of that. So, for example, Joseph Pulitzer right you recognize him from the pulitzer prize, the height journalism, while he was considered a yellow journalist in his time, you purchased the new york world in eighteen. Eighty three made it into a tabloid. dreamily throwing heights of the democratic party, the most famous yellow journalist, of course, was william randolph hearst the basis for citizen kane persons, one of the richest and most powerful people in the entire country. He tried to run for president. There are a lot of from hyperbolic story. About William round offers the most famous story about him, probably isn't true that that is the store. That, on the eve of the spanish american war, was unclear whether the united states wanted to go to war with with spain over cuba,

and he supposedly telegraphed another person. You furnish the pictures furnish the war, probably apocryphal. Probably he was there only a warhawk, is somebody who really did not like what he saw in cuba and use his papers in order to push people in a particular direction about this time, because it's a reform minded era, people decide it's time to start professionalizing journals now in european history journalism, so far, a series of events good work. I mean they've uncovered some, some real graft and real sex scandals and all the stuff was getting uncovered and it also have- These are of a rough and tumble way in the sense that you were able to. Has everybody's openly partisan to take into account the by he's the journalists of the time when you're, actually reading the stuff kind of not more were used, I now we have this whole stick about objective journalism and how there's one truth that is presented by CNN. So, where that start, the answer is, in the same places,

bad things in the twentieth century. The progressive here the progressive year was all about the professional association of journalism, so pulitzer attempting to professional eyes, journalism launches the columbia school journalism in nineteen twelve again the idea here is to change how journalism is flawed. So like pretty much every other industry in the united states, the way that industries to work in the united states is you went, and you got an apprenticeship in that particular industry. The way that you became a lawyer, for example, you can go to law school. You actually went and you apprentice yourself to a lawyer, and this is how you learn to become a lawyer. The way that you become a journalist is you'd go and work at a newspaper and you will follow around the guy with the battered hat and you just go and report on things, and this is how you want to do things instead, because in nineteen twelve there was this idea that there was an expert class and the actual class of the smartest people is very tight into bizarre, eugenic notions about human behavior, but it was all about this export class who, if we only left them to be the administrators, they will all be better off and that ties in a broader commentaries. They can see me talk about elsewhere, about aggressive and the idea of elite hegemony and the administrative state and all the rest of that sort of stuff, or this ties in

generals or minds, and the pulitzer said at the time that the goal was to impart knowledge, not for its own sake, but to be used for the public service and this week two in that nineteen, twenty, a journalist Walter lippman recast, and how journalism is to be done. So, even today there is an idea that the journalism had to be professionalized, but everybody in this the journalists had by its water. Let me the editor of the new republic he was a very elite type of human being. He wrote a very famous book in this europe in which each gus how journalism had to be professional, as you said that we needed to free journalism from error illusion to misinterpretation. He called newspapers need bible of democracy and he also set up this idea of the journalism etc. Emphatically, the journalists ought not to be serving a cause, no matter how good in his professional activity, it has no business of his to care whose ox is gored as the observer of the signs of change. His value to society depends on the prophetic discrimination with which he selects those signs as walter lippmann

over overhears will continue with our history of journalism in just one second, first, the time to start planning for retirement would be like right. now the united states blew through the thirty one point: four trillion dollar debt ceiling in December. Still the white house refuses to reduce the spending. We are now thirty three trillion dollars in debt by the way, but that amount of money by the homes of almost everybody in the united states, with the troubling state of the united states economy. It is time to start thinking about europe. events and your future, which means you need to consider diversification should stay smart thing to do one of the things you should consider it. For into gold. But my friends, over a virtual since two thousand three virtual become a leading dealer, a physical, precious metals in the united states. Today, with a dynamic team, while managers financial advisers in commodity brokers, they continue to help customers diversify their portfolios with gold silver platinum, emblem archibald makes it easy invert, an ira or four one k into an ira in precious metals, with your retirement at stake going to be confident in the financial services companies that you work with, including who shoes for purchasing fiscal, precious metals, just sex Ben to nine

in ninety eight. Ninety eight claim your free info kit on golden then talk to one of the precious metal specialists get all your questions answered talked to my friends over at birch gold, one hobby throughout the entire process to expand Ninety eight. Ninety eight. Ninety eight today protect yourself with gold so again, you're getting to the professional association of journalism and journalists are now a professional class, just account a lawyer, a mathematician. They have a series of duties they perform and those duties have a particular set of steps. Now. Not all of that is bad. right? You actually do want. Journalists should go through things that have become have normalized like, for example, double sourcing. Double sourcing wasn't a thing for a very long time in american journalism. You heard from Jim that that We should have been somebody just reported genocides, the dead now, The idea is that you're supposed to going and you're a couple of sources to confirm on a guard or at least on background, that a thing is true before we feel sure enough to actually run it. So some of that does come from the professional education of journalism. Now again, as I said before and as we have shown the history journalism, there lie

really amazing. Story got broken by journalists without the professionalism of journalism, because, if you just applying over and over and over people. It turns out stop pressing you, but it didn't mean to sort of this. This notion that the journalist was not the guy, the school grad, hoo, hoo, saddened typewriter more battered had all day right with the way that you watch. Nineteen forty films, you watch his girl friday. That's what they look like. It wasn't: it was a guy who went journalism school and he sat in a school, and you and how to journalism, and that was went to be the way that that everything worked from from then on and this prince from the way the journalism was done. Now. Journalists were supposed to be objective. Now, there's supposed to be above the fray, they weren't supposed to be political. Well, the idea of it in a vacuum isn't terrible. The problem is that human beings do her biased and what they end up doing as they inject, thereby us back into the journalism, and then they claim their objective. And that's long, that's untrue and you see that infused all of journalism up to the present day, starting in Nineteen, twenty again with the professional education of the journalist class. In the same,

The administrative state was supposed to professionalized the business of government, it professionalized how journalism was done. All this spring journals in the nineteen thirties. You have the rise of radio, the rise of radio, this, how most people start getting their needs to start listening to the radio every night A few trusted figures on the radio as will cease. The figures in tv who became very vanished, started off on the radio and all this is part of the rise of mass media and what will try that to the rise in television? Ok, because the rise of television really changed. how people consume the news. Now again, the model has shifted to quote unquote, objective journalism. At least this is the highfalutin journalism. when tv comes about there's an idea. He views can be in the public interest and only three networks time there actually wasn't attentive you'll get the history of tv to raise. The kind of insulin The level of the american public, because the rise of television really changes people consume the news. Now again, the model has shifted to quote unquote, objective journalism. At least this is the highfalutin journalism and when tv comes about. There's an idea that these can be in the public interest and only three networks at this time. Their action

was an attentive you'll. Get a history of tv to raise the kind of the actual level of the american public you'd have like full hours of shakespeare. On prime time television at the beginning of tv people like to mark the nineteen fifty's, as a time of sort of the dumbing down of american culture is precisely the opposite is actually look at how many people were subscribed to the harvard classics by the way it was like. Tens of thousands of people say fifty thousand people a year, whereas even the harvard classics is an attempt actually broaden out the appeal of elite culture to the masses as the elites we're running now. The biggest medium of mass communication in human history is the right of tv is the next thing that happens in journalism, and you see the anchor becomes really key so this is the period of the news anchor. So you should be the journalist where the people who actually, when reported the things now you have the I am talking heads, but these are the people you're supposed to trust me. telegraph. All of our according to this one guy in this guy, he sits there and he read you the news. That is the person who you are was to establish a relationship with, and this is people like

Huntley Brinkley, this chet hotly and David Brinkley, beginning a nineteen. Fifty six or people like edward, our moral began I've radio broadcasts for CBS rural world war two, but want to see it now in eighteen, fifty one and who mostly was famous, he was a man of the last edward, our moral actually work to get the frankfurt school fury actions into the united states during the nineteen thirties and forties. After that he was a person who left he was most famous for going after senator Joseph Mccarthy. He had these very famous back and forth with Joseph Mccarthy and mccarthy on his show mccarthy called them a communist. It was sort of a career maker, and it's a thing. People remember most about edward morale. you have Walter cronkite same period. Cronkite began anchoring the cps evening, news in nineteen sixty two and he was considered at the most trusted man in america. Now again he wasn't or era per se. He was the guide, read you the news, because is about. Whichever face appears before you you're very often I m ready your own stocks, or maybe the most famous saying that he ever did on tv is responds to this. Had offensive was actually written by him. It was written by one of his writers, but it may have during the course of the entire vietnam more effort,

had offensive happen. He went on tv that night and multiple I was a man of last He said that it is increasingly clear to this report, but the we're rational way out. Then We need to negotiate not as victims, but as an honourable people lived up to their pledge to defend democracy and did the best The fact of the matter is the walter Cronkite again being a person of the left, but projecting himself as an objective journalist. Was able to weigh more damage in the american public debate than if he had been running. Some newspaper called the cancer socialist and he had said that sort of thing people like oh yeah, that cost because, unlike tomorrow, got it but because he was we face of tv and trusted people on tv, we are supposed to respect that as objective journal. Also during this era, something else happens: you see the dvd people on the news, the talking heads, are very very trusted. You see the rise in the star journalist, star, now? This is a reversion to type, because again many of them are rigorous work very

It's upton sinclair actually tried to run for governor of california at one point, but the rise of star journalists again you'd be remiss if you didn't mention here, woodward and Bernstein and the breaking of watergate. This changed the way the journalists also thought about themselves. They were still using the ideas of lippmann, which was you have to be an objective journalist, but you could now be a star and the way that you were stars challenge power and, in particular, challenge power from the people. You don't and that became a big thing. This is why nowadays Liddy when a pulitzer is by attacking donald trump reporting on russia. it nonstop, even if there nothing to dig and dig and dig, and then you win a pulitzer. This is all the legacy of woodward and Bernstein. Get you a slot on cnn slot on MSNBC, that's the real journalists me back to tv, during the nineteen eighties. You see again more of these anchor types of court supposed to trustworthy and again we're supposed to pretend that their objective in some serious way there not objective, as it turns out in pretty much any serious way, SAM Donald,

an over at abc news, for example, or you have done rather over at CBS. Both of those guys are really really to the left. again rather became the CBS evening news anchor in nineteen eighty one donaldson start print and lie with Diane sawyer in nineteen. Eighty nine, rather was along with Tom broke, on peer jennings and of the faces of the news. in the early nineteen eighties. When I was growing up, these were the people who people watched on t v to get their news now turns out. All three of them were wildly to the left of like very, very much to the left similarly, obviously done rather later would blow up his entire career in two thousand for by running with a story that was completely false about george w bush, going awol from the air national guard It was a completely made up letter and it led to the end of his career nephews. Backing I remember one time actually at an event in ten thousand, was their ethnicity, while republican national dimension in ten thousand- was covering of rabies in his radio. at the time he was doing, a political commentary show for a b c news. Radio and I went up to him- and I said I don't understand your

overtly political. Now, when you covering the news. Did you have the same ideas and he said yeah I said well, and more, you being dishonest with the audience, projecting objectivity. When it was influencing how you your covering the news, and why do you you're better than I am I said well, I'm kind of like I'm, I'm I'm honest about my own biases you're, totally not honest about euro biases, but that was the model of objective that journalism. All this shatters The rise of the internet, the rise of internet news, truly begins with mad rush. Drudge is the other of internet news making. So I'm lucky enough you have been very close friends with Andrew bright Bart, who worked with mad rush like right from the inception of the drugs report and drugs was an old style. My brother and he considered himself that he was a guy who had politics and also he was interested in getting a story and he was born really driven and he was willing to print stuff and is willing to go with it and turkey's the first person who scoops lewinsky scandal.

And suddenly the drudge report is like the biggest thing on planet earth. He ends up being sued by sidney Blumenthal and the Clinton administration and all of this sort of stuff, but he's completely broken the stranglehold of the mainstream media. Because what drugs really did is you show that there was a tacit bargain between members of the mainstream legacy, news and members of the democratic party and drugs broken you said you guys were willing to bury the story. You've known about this for a long time. You guys were taking your sweet time about printing this. You are going to massage it and play in a certain way. I'm just gonna spill right out there in the public domain I couldn't deal with it and I still can't you with it, because what this did by opening up in industry of news making to everyone is that acts of journalism now with front and center it used to be being a journalist, was the thing you had to be. Drudge went back to acts of journalism. Make you a journalist row makes you a journalist. As my friend and rabbi who says you have a cell phone and you happen to be on. When anything happens, you are now a journalist. What he meant was

journalism can happen anywhere and you don't have to be an apolitical objectively train colombia, school of journalism, fellow in order for you to be a journalist or for you to do act of journalism, and so many image, driving enormous amounts of traffic to the to the internet, people are getting there is from the internet. The internet is faster than tv, it's more immediate than tb in here Do you have it read to you by some talking My dear rather worrying that smart anyway rancho all the sudden nourishes this extraordinary. closure of new site across the lad. I, on the left on the right place like slate and so on, the first movers in the space on the left and then you had drudge report and you had hot area how he had all of these kind of right wing site. There was an explosion of almost old stuff. American journalism, you're you're, suddenly back in the early eighteen, hundreds when it was the the a crap versus the republican railway, when all the papers had a partisan viewpoint wandering journalists, we're going out enjoying acts of wandering journalism james o keefe breaking stories about acorn there, actually changing the nature of how good

It was done so that that was for. While we can let a thousand flowers, bloom airs, kind of great then came a point when it seem like it was gonna get even better okay. So this is the rise of social media. Really around two thousand six, so for those who run The early internet of news is that you had illicit bookmarks on this. of your computer, and when you opened up your browser, usually internet, explorer click. oliver bookmarks. It would load these areas pages one by one right, that's what it would do: social meat it happens in two thousand and six facebook launches to the general public in two thousand and six twitter launches to the general public in two thousand and six, and when this happens, it allows people to basically get rid of bookmarks you no longer in use your bookmarks Y Y, you just gotta facebook and facebook Algorithm cynically show you all the things they want to see. All the various sites headline by headline twitter will do that Think of all the people that you like, and suddenly the availability of internet news is astonishing. sounds like the daily, where we can start up- and we can be enormous inside of a year two years, because suddenly people can see us right, whereas before even with the rise of drudge, you had it

specifically seek out, Matt Roger to know the name of the site. Re headed specifically seek out the daily, where no longer negative, facebook and facebook. you are site and if you keep clicking on our side, visible keeps feeding you our sight and taken have sites that start up and become immediate success. is, and not only that the number of eyeballs that are on facebook or operators, so much greater than the number of eyeballs that you'd get just by typing in drudge report or the number of people who even know the name of my publication. Read that suddenly you can have hundreds of millions of people visiting sites that did not exist two years ago and This is all considered your kind of a good thing. Maybe if you, if you, if you listen to mark Zuckerberg in the early days of facebook, He said this is great. Let a thousand flowers bloom, where we want more free speech, not less free speech. We wanted everybody's opinion. His mornings is good, then can twenty sixteen? donald trump won in two thousand and sixteen it broke everything and the reasonable Everything is because suddenly, the legacy media, having realised the course of the past several years that we're losing money and they had a serious because they were losing money right all the objective, journalists, murder or not.

Objective we're getting outpaced by an average of the world or by the bright margin, world war by the daily wire's in the world when they realize that they realized they had a golden opportunity. Two thousand and sixteen when trump wins the entire journalistic establishment side. the Democrats and they start pressuring social media and they say, there's no way, Donald trump down from say fascist. Is it Larry and there's no way in the one. There's no way you could have one. The only way he could have won is if facebook and twitter and all of these social media sites, somehow rigged. The game is because they remain that's that's how down from one we need them to do is find them to crack down on all of our competitors. All of our competitors must be silenced, waned, sure that we change the algorithms. We hella misinformation and disinformation the modes of information, the people get, we can't let people see the daily wire or bar or daily collar. Alongside the new york times in your attendance, trustworthy, we're objective journalists, moors went to colombia journalism school, even though we promote Nicole Hannah jones may that that that's what we are and these people that they they can't be allowed it to

Nor should there are to flourish people I don't front we're gonna win and facebook and twitter. of legislation from Democrats in the senate. They decided. Ok, I guess. As they started to the starting to shut down the practice of journalism? That was not. the approved media sources from the fake objective legacy media sources and that sort of where we are today. The only thing out at here is that you and musk has broken that opened its when a right, but you must go now shown the kind of combination of factors that led to the crackdown information that happened in twenty twenty one hundred Biden story, for example, is completely scuttled by social media Has demonstrated the hand in glove relationship between legacy media and chemical and social media tech, brows, and so That is sort of where we stand right now.