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but at the icy welcome to stop. You should now a production of Iheart Radio Pay and welcome to the podcast on Josh Clark in theirs, Charles the reach of Bryant Jerry's out their hovering around in the digital weird audio ether in stuff. You should know this is going to be a good uplifting fun. One bouncy like one, I think so and it's you know hot off the presses from, My daughter just wrote this episode forest near here in record time too. I was impressed, he didn't pay, or did you Now that it's funny I went to look up. You not talk before about near the fact that I started working when I was thirteen at a barbecue rest

and minimum wage. When I started working was three dollars in thirty five, since in our wow we how far we ve come edge, he had tat, they ve doubled it. Here. I bet whatever forty years and then not steered yeah, and you will get to that, but I have a list of kind of where we ended, with minimum wage along the years, but yeah judges barbecue thirty five in our baby, while that's pretty great, my first job was even younger than that. I was like nine or ten Mendoza paper boy, yeah I mean I I couldn't made more than because I was on chemicals working arenas, workin weekends are probably made like lesson fifty dollars a week. But I mean your thirteen Marie spending on thirteen and like a good, clean Christian you're in spending that on anything Portugal

so by a lot Archie company to her. Yes, it does, although they have a lot of variation, so you could easily spent fifty dollars a week on Archie Comics, Those things were cheap. I was living high on the hard but solar dean. So it sounds like a bed So our body Dave helped us out with this one day Bruce, and he makes a really good point there. You and I sitting right on your mouth. You know you made fifty bucks a week out of paper boy like whatever stress and troubles that we ran into post. You know nineteen, seventy something as cars are: first jobs go when we were younger that does not qualify as child labour. That's that's not really what we're talking about here. it's called a kid having a job exactly. It's called the did. Just stop your gripe right now, because their actual kids out there, who are like real deal child labourers who work in like dangerous conditions for little to no pay.

Who don't get to play? Who may not socialize with other kids, their age, they may live and work in a mining camp with nothing but adults and grown ups like like fit there there they would, they would kill fer. You know a J J Barbecue Job basically yeah- and this is a good time to be talking about that in particular, because this is twenty three when is the international year? but the elimination of child labour as you'll see throughout this absurd. We ve made a lot of strides here in the. U S but, like you said it's not, not that way everywhere in it? You know- and I say, It's probably a little off the mark to say that a child labour would kill for a better job. They would probably kill her just not have to work at all in general and just to get get to be a kid, and I think ultimately, for people who are activists against child labour. That's the goal is not like get better and better working conditions for six year olds. It's too, like just make six years,

I have to work any longer and we'll talk about how to solve their, how that there dumb energy no year for the elimination of child labour aims to do that. They have some pretty pragmatic ideas, and so hopefully, though, this this upso of nice bow on the but we're gonna slog through some misery to get their chuck taken away. no better placed to slogged misery, then the founding of this country, back in the old days. When the new world was new and settlers came over and they very much believed in what way, think this has already said. This is Dave. Yeah, I'm almost positives day was at every level gave to me, but oh man, if it that I'm sorry, sorry to both well short, need to get as close together I think that your maybe we should keep them far apart. The Agatha click it might turn against us.

Yes, they believe very much that the idols hands were the devil's workshop, that old saying and it This is one of those it was kind of hard for me to you know Let's just lopped off you know, looking nations today, which is clearly awful, I found, self as an adult more and more with the cultural relativism thinking like. The five year old shouldn't be working in factories, when I read about like twelve and thirteen year olds, working hard back and I was gonna like it's not good. But it was that's just gonna how it was at the time if you had parents, we're farmers. You're, not gonna. You know we just hanging out until you're sweet Sixtyth birthday haven't. I time you're gonna be working from a pretty young age, and I thought of more more thinking, like you know, in certain situations that wasn't the worst thing, but

get to the industrial revolutions in the other. Things really got bad but kind of early on. That's really. What we were talking about was a lot of kids. Working on the farms and laudable he's working on the farm. Girls working in the house alongside their sisters and mom. you know this kind of started when they were about thirteen years old. They were sort of expected to either go work, and get a job and work full time or to become an apprentice and unpaid apprentice to work for in board and training, and I think, also indifferent to the protestant work ethic of em like important legacy. completely in the fabric of America that was his coming out in you. It's also this idea like what else you didn't do? It's not like you consider and play video games or watch tv, or do you almost anything else except his play outside by Chuck I

I went back and look to see if it was always a swain, apparently a medieval England. You played by sickly. Until you hit puberty and then you started day get put to work it puberty at four right more like fourteen, but like a there, was like a childhood and it seems to have been somewhat wiped out by that protestant work, ethic that the Puritans brought over. At the very least, it was set back a little more in old age, wise where you started working, maybe a little sooner than you would have had you been in Medieval England at the time right. I think I guess I'm just trying to draw a line between life in the sea, eighteen, forty, seven and then life in nineteen thirty, eight. When I eventually did something about it in the: U S yet no totally, and there is an enormous distinction between I guess it was. It was like widespread, but it does it seem like they mostly working with their families, and it was just kind of the way that things were. That was how life was later

trying to keep your family alive. It's not like India. You know they were. They were trying to just all survive, basically right and that's actually the reason why it still around in other parts of the world. Today, it's not renowned, even necessarily like a like a work ethic where children should show work because idle hands or the devil's playthings, like the the Puritans thought, is that it's like this is an extra worker, can have go out to make money to keep the rest of the family alive. We just don't have a choice and not doing that and that's that's with tries it still today right when the industrial revolution came around talking about basically cotton factories in a big way There are a lot of little kids working there and people like George Washington and Alexander Hamilton, thought that was awesome. They did in like we're gonna be secured for even suggesting that Hamilton said this, but he did

He said that women and children in America would be quote rendered more useful by manufacturing. Is there judgments than they otherwise would be, and I think, you saying is like. but I'm not even in to paraphrase, would you say I think it's it? You can understand and on its face. Yet he saying what you know: they're not doing much use words these kids, These mainly talking about kids here, who would otherwise who would otherwise be idle this isn't windmill Manuel Miranda saying this. We all love him know this, isn't he didn't say this in a charming rat. the real Alexander, Hamilton and again it was just a different time, but even way back, then, in early eighteen, hundreds, not everyone thought this was a great thing. There was, future mayor of Boston, name, Josiah, Quincy damage your Queen Bee,

who toward a cotton factory, a cotton, spinning factory and they had been a four year olds working there, all the way to ten, maybe ten twelve hours a day for anywhere from twelve to twenty five cents a day, not an hour. And he said Compassion calls us to pity these little creatures plying in it erected room among flyers and colleagues at an age when nature requires for them air space in sports there was a dull dejection and the count and of all of them and you know what to some of these photos of some of these kids later on. When you look at them, they look like be down miniature adults near near they really do they look like us exactly they were greatly to retire. They look unhappy. They look come yet beaten down, but their miniature and their kids, their children. And it's really upsetting to see that a photograph

that I'm sure it's even more exciting to see in real life and that's actually, how allotted this lotta change came through was to people being exposed seeing that in Kenya, in shocked having their conscience shocked, but, as is essentially like bad as it was for the children of Colonial America, who were forced to work go away worse when the second industrial revolution kicked off the one powered by steam and steel and railroads and little hands in unbridled capitalism when you inject unbridled capitalism into a an economy that allows for child labour, you can and that things are going to get much much worse for the children before it finally gets better. That's right did get worse when you're, when you also- and you have a robust steel industry, and coal mining industry. You have railroads that need the stuff in a big big way, and they let you know

firstly, can I ran out of workers and partially just saw what was right underneath their noses, which is these kids, who At this point they had long known that they could work in farm and work hard. So they said you know what a lot of these families in Rural America farming dried up a bit, so they moved to the city That was immigrant labour as millions of people. Came into the country from Europe fleeting their poverty, famine stricken country. and no matter where they came from. It was all under the thumb of the Robber barons which was kept member. When we did it feels like a fee to or three years ago, the pretty good pod cast on the robber barons and we also talked about them in our book, I've, been doing since they played a b. I want that to be ass, though, like these, the robber got rich through innovation. through consolidation through some pretty clever stuff. A lot of em invented new techniques or processes are procedures so like they. They definitely

we're doing something they were being productive, but they also got to be filthy, rich off the backs of immigrant labour and child labour that they directly exploited and it basically like. There was just nobody looking out for anybody else at this time it was just such a period of such enormous economic insurgents that their word, their work and anybody there wasn't. Anybody who is similar say like well whereby we need to stop a really think about this, and do this in a much more directed, smarter, healthier. for our society, it was like a hero like just go, go to www. This takes us in a lot of people, got trampled underfoot in their deafening included children labors of child labors. That's and I think that's good temper break yeah, Yea hats, terriers enemies

so we'll be back and we'll talk a little bit about what some of these jobs might have been in the late nineteenth century for these kids right after this, you know, What I love more than almost anything in the world, what sitting around in a cool summer evening and lighting up lovely lovely fire and that so low stove area that is so nice and particularly, was so astonished to right because their smoke free basically and they burn really bright and really clean. right, and that means you get to experience all the joys of gathered around that fire dog in the face for smoke or that messy cleanup, Sola stove is constructed from stainless steel and they design it too delay airflow and burn more efficiently. There is so little smoke. You gonna wonder how there's so much fire it's easy to keep lit in its even easier to clean. It's like a gift from the fire.

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I wonder How many gallons of coffee everyone knew has listened to this? This show, since the beginning is heard me drink and even here you drinking you didn't. When I said I had a. I had a mouthful of cafe interesting. We have no shirt on the net. That's ass man. You know that you do not mind. Yes, I think you should have left a mysterious, Chuck zero or a few people out there who were about the email and say I was offended that Chuck said he was wearing a shirt there now on my way recorded a headed off. It's uh, it's a little hot,

any to dress up this is a great deal, you everywhere, those tuxedo sure never had one of those did you ever now. I didn't I didn't either you didn't even where immature rainbow suspenders now, that's that stuff, was a little too cutesy. Even for me, gacha hooker, what you're going to the still looks I'd will I would wear what about one that looks like a like a ripped like chest in abdomen. Have you sure, like that? No does refund now aim for certain people their fund. There, also like really good at boosting your ego quietly Sure there's nothing like me. Looking in a mirror. It might be your belly covered in spray painted. observe really were your brain, the brain so dumb that it falls about every time I came to the test,

as we were gonna talk about what some of these jobs might be and it kind of really depending on where you were living. If you lived in the city, or if you lived in a company town where there had these factories you're gonna be working in factories. Foot out the rural areas should be working on farms in most Americans still lived on farms at the time. So yeah does your nose. Child labour took place on farms, but If you were on that farm, you're gonna be picking cotton and tobacco gimme picking a lot of stuff in doing all the sort of stuff. Goes on after the picking, which is damning De Cn all that stuff shocking stuff I did when I was a kid wait, a big big garden and my mom took us to the cannery. Then it was awful. I hated it took you to the contrary to like four of sightseeing chipper for work,

two can so like. There's a cannery that your mom went to you guys had so much stuff. You had to go to a second location. To can it there was a kid three in the cab county. A sort of a serial cannery for the people. Ok, and we take green beans and corn. Then we preserves and all kinds of stuff in they had like, and you know can your own junk there? Something say a lot of utopia and yet we would, you know, put choppy like beans on again We put it in the battery her. That's really is really interesting. I had no idea that there is a cannery indicates county not too far from where I live now actually did like the demon elaborately de shudder. Every time you pass it. I do a little actually ombudsman Odessa much, but it's over near the dog.

pounds, women go adopt a dog, and so I think we adopted Nikko there in a drawer by the cannery and just like that is hot. Well, you're lucky you aren't five or six and left there to work all day every day. Aren't you? Yes, you never, was no money. Yeah pennies for a bucket of whatever you shocked or shelter, did whatever peeled. Yet working Can we would probably not have been very fine there also furnace, still in jobs available whether you wanted them or not. What else chuck Well, kids did can canneries. They also worked in textile mills ahead, bobbin boys and bobbing girls. This one some so bad to me, but I'm sure I'm missing something that makes it atrocious. Well I mean they would climb up on the machine and remove the bobbins, the full bobbins and replace them with empty one. So I dont think It was like the job in the world, but

when you're doing that for ten or twelve hours a day in your six? It's alright. It's probably a bit of a bus, kill ya that I have been in a problem inherently with child labour in general now what you may not like having a job like you're. I had first suddenly on a problem with that, but child the out any kind of child labour, even if it is kind of kush comparatively now. I agree that when was it, terrible. They may be dangerous out and there's no bobbins were yeah. There's no way it wasn't dangers. It had to have been dangerous. We're talking about the ninety. century and industry. It was dangerous in some way there was no OSHA. Now No one is left worth if you do live in the city and did work factories. you would do that, but there are also plenty of other jobs. You could deliver be essentially the column telegraph boys delivering. You know emails, sickly by hand to people all over town,

the giant shoes you get some newspapers like you did. I didn't they industry, carousing newsy, which will talk more about news, is in a second I was. every boy I did not really gray one either. I frequently overslept and it was not good at delivering papers and my mom and my eldest sister would have to do my route once in awhile bike deal. Guess, ok, and the thing is is like they also make you shake down the people further delinquent subscribe, so I would like a wrong arm guy to further Selina delayed as well. I want my two dollars. Basically, that exist. And that was right in my wheelhouse to I was like this. It's a little too close to home for me to laugh at this, then I know he's going to I've had to put my foot in somebody's door before to get their two dollars. Didn't ask for a dime They haven't seen mental health, good, www classic

Have you lived in the mountains of Appalachia? You might have been a break, your boy. Or a mule handler and breaker boys will get back ass. We know it everyone that is check. You would sit around and break it lumps of coal into uniform pieces all day long and break dance on your breaks yet breakable his There was a light you wear gloves, while you're breaker boy too, because they're like no. No, you can't break these things as uniformly. If you wear gloves you stupid kid, sir, you who you the basically absorb all of this coal dust in deerskin- get all sorts of little cuts in. Allison all that by the time, Europe, six, seven, eight inches! Do this decision If now welcome the Pennsylvania Then, let's say you managed to escape all forms of formal jobs, your parents that and make you go to the factory, you did live in the cities, he didn't have to work on a farm and you might think he just had it

made in the shade, not so because there is plenty of jobs that you could do right there from your credit tenement apartment like weaving baskets. In paper, flowers or hand rolling cigar, and cigarettes all day long and selling them yeah? It was like you know, your whole family worked on a farm or if you live in a tenement, your whole family work, you know and what were they called tenement industries. So there was basic not a lot of escape. I get the impression that you basically had to have wealthy parents do not be forced into child labour at the time yeah, and I'm a dimension this once before my mom got a thing for a little while, where we would make money doing life stuffing envelopes. Did you that stuff. I do. and I remember what it was for. I guess they were fake companies. Okay, I want to say Easter seals. Have people do that too, but I'm sure they didn't pay, there now react way. So this is

like a company. They would have like a packet. They would send out the ad like five things in it. I gotcha and we would be responsible for getting all that stuff in huge boxes assembling at all into the ambit of that they could mail and we would get paid as a family to do that. That's cute that super late. these early eighties, like I, can see your mom taking on the princess phone, making all the arrangements for them the ship that to her and yet aiding the instructions. You know, then, hanging out in that fifty foot long cords is kind of coils of on its own quietly on the floor. Yeah and added mine that so much because I made a little money and I acted that something I could do while I watch television, yeah totally tone the perfect job, as we all know, you're, not exactly a high pressure job. It sounds like I wouldn't even know that qualifies as a tenement industry to tell you the truth now, not in eighteen. Seventy sooner yet allowed job. So as a kid, good for you, the Herald always wanted my money protest and work ethic shining through like a city upon a hill. Should we talk disease?

Yeah we should- and I think also the newsy strike there, Gonna mention deserves its own episode at only I shortly very, if not yet on purpose. Okay, so the US is not talk about uneasiness. Now that the same thing in the more again to the strike, I was like this to see. Might we gotta do something? But the idea was little boys would buy a stack of newspapers wholesale for about fifty cents, spur one hundred girls to. I saw girls that did it to grow. You are right and they seldom for a penny, a peace that they will make half a penny per paper selling in the big cities, especially New York City, of course, and then eventually in eighteen, ninety nine, they did go on strike and it was, deal it kind of ground. I mean it didn't, grind them to a complete halt, but it really disrupted there. There flow in

newspapers into the hands of people did that their sales over this too weak strike went down two thirds yeah, like they brought the they brought pilots Pulitzer and dumb Hurstwood to their knees. Basically, these newsy stood and they got some concessions to you. and I think the deal was is that morning subscribers were generally subscribers or the more people's gently for subscribers, but it was that afternoon paper that so In addition, the news he's really rated at on, because most people didn't subscribed to that end. so they really weren't selling any second additions. Hardly in the one big, in session, they got, which was here huge, was they got and to agree to fall by backs an unused unsold papers which has a really really big deal, but it also kind of goes to show you how much the newspaper barons believe nooses were scrapped, after they wouldn't do sit around and be like. I don't have to sell me,

you now have to worry about this. You know they will be back anyway to work to sell him. Well, there that just means they give him back the money they paid for him. It's not like that. make any money they would just in It incentivize them. I think, to take out more papers here and some more first any there would be stuck with a mere totally will probably added that partner, So what are the things you mention was making cigars like in your family's one room, apartment in, say, New York, or something like that right dear, was apparently really bad in that not only Did you work long hours for very little pain, cramped, working conditions with the with your family? On top of everything else, you had frequently come down with nicotine poisoning as

ok, because your rolling cured, sometimes your handling on cured tobacco and your ingesting lots of nicotine through your skin, like you know, in a sin day, and so you might be nauseated, you might be dizzy minded. green. It can get worse than that to you actually can suffer respiratory distress as well, and apparently this is big problem still with child labours in Zimbabwe, because I think I about twenty years ago there country double down on their tobacco production, and now it's like one of the biggest the biggest exports of Zimbabwe, but is also a very poor country. so they use child labour law in such children are still to this day being exposed to tobacco and rolling, their handling tobacco, the rolling staff there rolling cigars thereof, sorting it they're just that the kids in tobacco should not be in the same room together, basically,

yeah. You know it never occurred to me that that It would be a transfer more ingestion right totally, but I mean you put tobacco and be stings and all kinds of things, of course, is gonna, get their skin yeah in having got myself sick on tobacco a time or too in my life, and I can tell you it is not pleasant, ended to do it against your will, just because your handling it in for job that you don't even want is that sounds. Torture is actually yeah at of that story should you retailer for people haven't heard it tell him, I'm a great in the tree for that one. like smoke, the whole pack of cigarettes and gets there was more like a pack and a half it was right after I first started smoking in hours, lively will. How is like, I really like how this makes me feel it's three. How urgent and nothing else make me feel

They re comic books up in a tree fort in the woods that my friends and I built I just went too far. Man I felt so bad man Like very rough, like I felt like I looked green, it was. There was sad news, that's one moments where you like. You re, really wish she could have like video footage. He came to her When I look like I cannot point when I die it's a little bit like defending your life, so they can be like show me the way we go over the others that I really want to see that clear here. Torn I'll be there at the sight of this, those do not ever start smoking. I died. Please read ever having started smoking as a kid as an adult does matter who, like to stone ever start smoking in. Do yourself a real favour, you did a great job, quitting them and you never look back nope I didn't get job was it was surprisingly easy because I would not more thing. I think if there are people out there who can

the very smoker. I known are worried about the time they're gonna have what am. I big worries was that I was going to spend every day of the rest of my life wishing for a cigarette, and that is not how it goes like you, you spend a week two weeks. Is bad, maybe three weeks really longing for a cigarette and then it starts to get easier and easier and then Julie, your gross out by the thought of cigarettes and people smoking cigarettes. I do and you don't ever want to see one again. So if that's what's keeping you from quitting, don't let it because that's not how it is. I like that Good Piazza thanks man thing. I think, before we break, maybe, will discover some of these final stats here, the bit. Basically the peak and bout nineteen hundred b. Eighteen, ninety one out of every five kids under sixteen was working. One point: seven million kids under sixteen,

was six percent of the total workforce in nineteen hundred Sensus and that's just kids who were registered to work in these factories. that does not include kids rolling cigars in their house or the kids in the family farm dial. It was much more are than that yeah, because I think two thirds of kids in general in the the country worked in agriculture, so yeah. If they were accounting agriculture. They missed out on a lot of kids and that number- and it still is staggering number in and of itself one point, seven million- yeah and if you're wondering back then what effect this add on education and just a snapshot from Philadelphia in nineteen hundred fifteen, for of thirteen year old boys had left school to work, and I think half fifteen year old boys were not in school anymore because they were working or the and like a significant portion because they were naughty right and they just want to do anything but give this

This is the staggering one me seventeen year old boys, only percent of them were still in school in nineteen hundred in Philadelphia. That is, that does not bode well for the future. other a of an economy, and I think that actually, is one reason why public education became so much more compulsory and one reason why people came around two anti child labour laws. Is the idea that note there lot more that they could be doing then just working in a factory, almost literally, entire lives like we can do it. We can do better and we can build a better, a better society, our economy, if we invest in their education instead of robbing them of it all right. I guess what a break and talk about when that started in earnest, and it was just then, when you mentioned it, yeah.

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aggressive errors, one of my favorite errors- or, I should say the people from the progressive error or some of my favorite people, Francis Progress, although she was a second or third wave progressive reformer misusing fire by some of these earlier ones who are, working on things like fair. wages like a minimum wage, minimum or maximum work days or working hours, and then they so train their sights on things like ending child labour or, at the very least, really restricting the amount of work. A kid Kudu, especially in regard to them being in school to the He was to put school first and then, if the gate at the wherewithal or their parents, really needed the money or something like that, they could let them work in addition to school, but the school needs to come first, and this is really radical I mean it. It seems radical. We had kids rolling cigars and their one apartment in New York, their whole lives and now all of a sudden

Some people are coming to me like that. Anna could should be school and maybe working, preferably not working. So how do we make that happen? yeah. It was a very big deal in most of these for a lot of them were women. People like Jane firms in Julia Lathrop and Lillian Ward, He poverty measures in this stuff that you know they would get us go on to champion women's and women's rights in the workforce and women's rights to vote. So is the whole point. The moon was gonna tied up in all these in a radical way is about being fair and good decent human being. Yeah radicals. So here's. The problem is you ve got these robber barons in these factory owners and in these industrialists, who are like wait a minute we gotta go the ongoing case? We dont pay these kids much. Probably not gonna unionized, like the news. This thing was definitely an anomaly here That didn't happen much and he said

we're like we got a wii good thing going in so arena lobby against this is hard as we can, but surely they were unsuccessful right. No there's they they did. They bought a lotta legislation early on for this kind of regulation, federally stew, it's ok hence on where it was but needs did establish childless. The commission's in some states some minimum ages, minimum or maximum hours and minimum wages it was. There were sparse. I couldn't find what states past it, but For the most part, the tailors there was a they would probably. For the most part, though, there was a young a lot of push back in enough pushed back among the states. The residents of the states that that now I got past so there is a progressive movement had started. Saying like that aid

nineties, and it had to it basically like any progressive movement, a reinforced steam ahead, hit a huge wall of industry and then had to slowly just keep pushing and pushing and chugging and tugging and keeping at it for a few. he's before it was successful in one of the ways that if you can successfully the way that he kept pushing at it after it hit that wall of industry is a group called the national child. Labor committee formed, and I think they formed back in one thousand nine hundred and four they were. Basically, they became a lobbying group to lobby against the lobbying against child labour laws that ended child labour yeah. And they had a pretty smart way too attention and that was in hiring a photographer name. Louis Heine yeah, to go around and sneakily document What was going on with his camera? He was, he worked as a sociologist and a teacher. And then later became a photographer was also a photographer

and I think he himself was a kid who was working. Twelve thirteen our days so he's like. Let me searching and pictures of these kids and maybe that, because you know that's worth a thousand words they say least any though five thousand yesterday means that he took fifty thousand words, no five, five thousand I'm just getting farther now. I know I underline your Kano. Your mandate was totally wrong. It was purposefully wrong there. Let me just to that real quick did to do. Carry the one. He took five million words, it's a lot of words And if you go back, you probably seen a bunch of these pictures of you seen pictures of very unhappy kids outside of the coal mine or standing on the mountains of shucked oysters and or standing around factory machines like little mention adults there

probably Louis Heinz photos yeah, I mean five thousand photos, all archived in the Library of Congress. For what I understand in, I'd like a really great, I too, you, know a man like they're, really Geiger autographs themselves, but you know you don't have to sit there and, like you, Try to really contemplated contemplated it just hit you immediately. What you're? Looking at, how sad what you're looking at is so He and the National Child Labour Committee got these into newspapers and, like you said he was very sneaky. He he proposes differ things one of a made sense to me. The industrial machinery photographer ok yeah got that, but why excuse would have viable salesmen have for taking photographs of the kids at the factory, I could not find that. Don't know my life I mean no eating with. Think is that got him in the door

and then maybe he was like- and I just love kids and can take some pictures. But none of this is a time for stranger danger, so they were like sure, wrangler child labour. Is I don't care about him yet also he wore especial jacket where he had the buttons on the jacket aligned unknown measurements, so if he went on and stood like you. Would take you kids picture and he would ask other documented, like their names in their ages and stuff, is best he could, but he would stand next to them. If he felt like he couldn't outright ask what their age was too can a tip off that. Maybe he was not a bible salesmen pray, and you know the kid went up to the second or third button he would now roughly tall. They were or no you Don T other were then roughly bowel. They were the other thing were giants right, right, I'm sure you know he didn't get him all right, but you know you can once more

But the other thing that made it that jacket Special Chuck was that the lining was made of a t, shirt of a rip chests and adamant that he would make a really good about himself when he put their jacket on its good. My skull battening, when did things finally change, though well they started a kind of change like these. These pictures shock the conscience of the nation when they saw them when they made them in the newspapers. They were accompanied by muck rigging articles about how bad these conditions, were. You no shame on you, America, for turning a blind eye to this kind of thing, But it wasn't like a instantaneous which was thrown it still took decades. I think the first proposal for Anti child labour legislation came in nineteen. Six Senator Albert Beverage of Indiana was the first to propose it get taken up in nineteen sixty

by the Keating ACT that was actually passed, but the Supreme Court shut it down And then there were some more legislation that there is a constitutional amendment. Actually they got past but wasn't ratify by this, and then it wasn't until the great depression and the new deal that it finally got past, and I think if they were just the new deal, it wouldn't have gotten past, but the great depression change things socially enough, that open the door for an end to China, labour in America. Yeah like ironically, I think massive unemployment with so many adults out of work. They couldn't turn around and just higher kids to do these jobs for lower just as it was. I mean even at a time when it about didn't really matter as much as it does today. They even knew that that was a really bad luck and then Probably can do something like that so yeah,

eventually the fair labors, fair labour standards, active nineteen, thirty eight thank you, Frances Perkins Rural Buddy answering among others. This finally set a national minimum wage for the very first time, a number of hours for workers and then a child labour limitations, notably the if you are under sixteen. You cannot work in me. In fact, during any cannot work in coal mining at all hazardous to dangerous another couple did it established overtime time and a half area So if you went over forty hours a week, he could only work up to forty four, but you can work for hours at time and again in the very first Minimum wage was twenty four since in our man, one thousand nine hundred and thirty nine ml430, four thousand five hundred and one of two hundred and forty in nineteen. Fifty x it finally reached a dollar could Ching.

and it didn't crack six dollars until two thousand and eight. I know dude, it's just shameful that nuts. We definitely need to do a minimum wage episode to cause it's just not as cut dried as yet three the minimum wage like there's this guy There's a lot to really want to do one on it. Yeah. I really top with it, because I forget: Sal, jobs. I worked as a waiter for nor twenty years or somethin. So, where is a p? A movie sets and tv sets, that's not an hourly thing either. So I had an added an hourly rate jobs since college. So I don't really know you know, cannot how it changed over the years. I did not know it was two thousand eight when they crack six dollars, that's really low. There really is its varied bids. This is not and I still at seven something right now. It's Randy's at eighty five I'd know its seven twenty five actually

yet as the national minimum wage right, yeah again, some of the states are raising stuff is slowly but surely, but that's the federal once there, says: Alabama doesn't have a minimum wages it right there passing yet it's possible men, not to look into that. That's on the fly: so you will do a whole went on minimum wage for sure coming up. I am you said that, the fair Labour Standards ACT was passed in nineteen, thirty eight and it still basically governs child labour in one of the things that it does chuck as it is divides child labour into agricultural and non agricultural jobs and with agriculture or non agricultural jobs. There's like pretty decent amount of protections like kids, camp in hazardous stuff until their eighteen things like

lasting mining, forest fire, fighting that kind of stuff that, if you're on Sixteen, you can only work a maximum of three hours a day during the school year. There's some exemptions. Did you see the thing about home based wreath, making yes are. You cannot not agriculturally. You cannot work if you're under fourteen at all like I could not have worked as a busboy thirteen right supposedly, but I still did RON unless that was passed, then, because the things been ratified a million times earlier now ratified but amended. But yet the if you're a child actor you can work if you're under fourteen. Obviously if you're a newsy, you can still deliver newspapers if you're under fourteen and home based wreath make stern so weird, it is weird, and not only is it home based wreath making is exempted from child labour laws in the United States. It has to be specific kind,

There has to be mostly evergreen reads, so you're, making, reeds and asked to be at home if you're having your keys, make reads at home and they're, not mostly evergreen. That's illegal and they're, making things out. Evergreen that are not reads like say: Garland, that's illegal, specifically a homemade reads that are most the evergreen really really interesting. It's one of the most bizarre facts we ve ever talked about on this apathy is show the african people When in my pocket thoroughly, cultural though they have like very little protection like most shamefully little protections yeah. sixteen years old and you live on your family farm. They can work you there's no living on how many hours they can work you you can work jobs that the Department of Labour, considers hazardous, I think fourteen year olds, also can work unlimited hours if its outside the school day.

and then the kids as young as twelve of ethics, actually twelve and younger, can work with parental consent, yeah Bates yeah, basically unlimited hours, early symptoms many two hours and that's during the school year as well, and as Although this fifty five percent of child farm workers graduate from high school here- and you know the total twenty years here in the United States were talking about in the hundred thousand of them are injured on the job every year, child farm labour the latter, I need all this changed. Yeah there, basically saying like look just just take these things We applied a non agricultural jobs and apply to agricultural problem solved and now solve a lot of problems. I'm sure would create a lot of problems that you- and I are unaware of not being farm folk by- would solve a lot of the child labour problems that child labour activists have issues with. It would do nothing for, though the them much more rampant problems,

better endemic around the world with child, labour where a lot It resembles basically how America as with child labour, at the at the you know, during the gilded age yeah and fifty eight million kids estimated to be the victims of child labour around the world? The good news is its down thirty percent from twenty years ago, but the bad news is that a lot of kids and think. Seventy one percent of those are in agriculture harvest in fishing hurting stuff like that, but there a lot of kids around the world that still like work in coal mines. Yeah like this, narrow for an adult sue, dangerous you go in there and do it instead in their work with like work at Wildcat gold mine so their having to like separate gold with mercury, so they're getting mercury poisoning at a young age which really messes with you developmentally on tobacco farms in play.

Zimbabwe. Not only are they having to get new, no nicotine poisoning also being poisoned by toxic pesticides that are used on the crops and serve to so like these they're working in like deplorable working conditions and there's some really basic stuff that needs to change that Just free the children of the world world around from what is essentially like indentured servitude right now, yet his fork and a basic things. Dielo says we can do around the country. like you said at the very beginning, their very pragmatic they'll, make sense, and they would really make a difference and the first is expand, acts the education get kids in school and get rid of fees in school and put them into effect. School situation their way, less likely to join the workforce, that that's what our friends and colleagues

Do they get here like helping get kids off a family farms in India schools by removing any barriers between them in school? It's all through, education is a great great organization. Yet what else? that's by the way the cooperative say that were drawn cooperative, For thirty, eight in yeah look him up with champion. every year and we got a little were a little funding Up there were doing them that you just might be interested in so stating for that year. Let me see: what's the next one help families meet basic needs, This could be a universal basic income could be monthly stipend, but basically, so families dont have to send their kids out to works to provide at the innermost basic level yeah. in a way that you can help that is through Kieva, by azure, ending making micro loans to people so that they can, they have the capital they grow from initially there's also like

if you make sure that adults are getting better wages in pay and their rights are protected, it makes their children less likely to be forced into the workplace to begin with kisses, not again There's not like adults, the World Brown saying I you know, I can't seem to be working as their lazy, like their kids need to be working because they, the adults aren't getting paid in and if you make sure that your you know If your western company and you sure that you're paying everybody affair wage, there's a good chance that you can eradicate child labour from your supply chain. In the last thing is just enforcement? They can put all the laws did they want on the books, but unless someone's gonna actually work on enforcement than really does it matter much. So that's really sort of the last step is funding for enforcement in Many actually just passed a law recently that that demands that its companies examined, doo doo,

elegance and examine their supply chains. To see if there's child labour involved and do something about it It doesn't have like as much teeth as human rights Watch was saying that they wish it had, but it's a good first step and hopefully the way that that you know progressive nations will start moving right. I'm too, big big out. I can't remember his name, but the young listener, who is mowing the lawn, where's dad in road into request. This episode, they right to think he prompted this absurd, so hats off to you, young, Sir Opium, King appeals for low up and then also this was indeed a Dave ruse joint. So thanks again today for this one right, that's right since chucks, oh, that's right or by means of time for listener mail I'm gonna call this he's. Just thanks Hey guys running in from LULU Kentucky Sandwich, led the show

even though jar said the K C M Centre was in Lexington, never lived at your card but a smile on my face. There are others that he should know fence near me. I work long term care and use your progress, many different ways. I help people with cod five impairments set up their tablets and such Richmond socialization and stimulation, whether for activities. I show them how to access entertainment with educational pod, guest, can find something they want to learn about on stuff. You should now also help we'll find ways of remembering new information and use your short stuff episodes for those whose shorter it John spans in final My own enjoyment is a factor I to many different podcast during my drive to remark, but only sufficient Has the ability to get me into a different head space? tribute that suggestion chuck six would be nearly interesting about you, guys cried laughed. Sometimes both all in all of your episodes, even the really Matthew ones.

failure on that one check and Josh yeah dig the dig Mass guy. No, no, but I like to think I am sorry that the absurd Secondly, as a personal favorite appreciate, never let a show and everyone that works on it for keeping a going up, see ya in Kentucky. Let us from Ellie but thanks Nelly, and if you want to get in touch with us like Ellie, did you can write us an email, send it off to stuff podcast but I heart radio dotcom stuff you should Know- is the production of Iheart radio from our path. it's my heart. Radio visit that I heard radioactive apple had passed We listened to your favorite shows hey guys in Spain. For sea of humble and also the new combination podcast as recently

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