Today on something you should know your shoulders. Tell people a lot about you I'll, explain exactly what ben developing your intuition and understanding the fascinating ways it works. If there is a strong emotional charge, you're most likely not coming from intuition intuition usually happens when it's your very calm and all of a sudden, you get an insight about a certain direction or a certain action steps to take in your life plus proven techniques that work to lose weight without dieting and the fascinating ways. The earth has shaped human history from the soil to the climate, even how the winds blow, in fact, the reason that california cities, like los Angeles, san, diego and frisco, the reason I wanted to keep at it the only place you could get too often the pacific ocean. It was dictated by the wind, nearly fifteen hundred all this today on something you should know if you're a pair.

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something you should now fascinating, enter the world's top experts and practical advice. You can use in your life to read something you should make her rather ass. I welcome do something you should know. I am very happy to announce that coming soon very soon we will be launching a third episode every week, people have said he? I listened to the episode you release on mondays and thursdays. I listen to those during the week. I don't have anything to listen to on the weekend, and so we are going to be releasing a weekend. Episode starting very very soon for today your shoulders, your shoulders, are screaming. Joe Navarro, a former fbi, counter intelligence agent says that shoulder speak is one of the most telling forms of body language. He says Clinical depression almost always shows itself in the shoulders as

The shoulders are weighed down by sadness, broad great shoulders are likely attached to someone who is strong conflict and ready to lead so it's a good idea to take notice of how you hold your shoulders because does send a message. also shoulders can be a valuable tool in spotting deception. Liars often raise one or both shoulders ever so slightly. When therefore, lee proclaiming their innocence and that something you should know you may not know exactly what it is, but you know you have felt your intuition at work. You may choice or you made a decision based on something other than just the facts. You're, told you to do something or you intuitively knew something, even though you didn't know how or why you knew it The question is

Is that a good way to do things? Should you make gut decisions or just wishful thinking. Or are you just making a guess because you had to make a guess, and what is this thing called intuition exactly Rick Snyder is somebody who's really researched intuition and in There has been a lot of new research in the last several years about intuition. it is the author of a book called decisive intuition. I rick, So how do you look at intuition? How do you quantify define it? What is it so everyone? I've spoken to has had an experience where they've had a sense about something? and sometimes they wish they would have listened to it, and so it really begs the question: what is that intuition or voice that we have a critical? once in your life, in so how I define that is its an embodied. Knowing comes from listening to what wants to happen. Next, so that means we actually have to slow down and get present. So we can.

track. What is our inner experience? That's true give us the data and information that we need soda we can actually make our best decisions. The criticisms I've heard about intuition from people who have studied decision making. Is that The problem with intuition is: nobody really knows what it is you you can describe it, but you can't define it. It's not a thing. You can point to a. Part of the brain and say or see, there's your intuition working right there it much more vague than that. It's a sensitive feeling, but it is vague and if you have an important decision to make. That's not a good way to go and that better off making your decision based on the facts. Yeah. That's there's two parts to that, One of them is, I think, a lot of people confuse intuition with emotional reactivity, so I feel very emotionally reactive about something and then calling that my intuition,

because I have a strong know about moving forward in a certain direction or I'm afraid I'm scared or overly enthusiastic and I'm not looking at all the different, port in variables here can actually sabotage my success in so make a big distinction between emotional reactivity intuition and it takes himself awareness to get clear about. How do I know? What's what is it one part of it is how do you make that distinction for yourself and then to what It shows is that data and analytics along with your intuitive and experience actually to those together combined to make the best decision and superior decision making. So I really do believe in the marriage of both that you can. the best did and analytics and not ignore your intuition from all your years of experience will I know too, that I've had into intuitive ideas of an own goal Why not? That way?

Yes, sometimes it's right, but sometimes your intuition can lead you a stray you you. It is in fact incorrect. It's a bad idea. But I have found, is that when I'm really when I really get caught, bout, my intuition, it doesn't led me astray or in a bad direction, but I will say this sometimes it might lead me to something uncomfortable and yet it's an area for road, like all I could think of relationship that I had one time and I had a very clear intuition that this was important relationship to forward with an end being in a really challenging and difficult, but it was my best. Lessons and learning lessons at that time. Sometimes our intuition will take us out of our comfort zone because we're going down the linear path of irrational mind that wants instability that wants comfort that one to know what's going to happen. Next,

but the reality is. We live in a world, that's unpredictable in a mad, many times chaotic and so in We should actually gives us more the pulse of life were the dynamics of what's happening right now, that might always fluctuating So you said a moment ago that you have to differentiate between just reacting and intuition, and you ve gotta, be in touch with that. Well, how do you get in touch with? How do you know what the difference is? How do you get better french creating those two things, because I I've had probably both and all figure was just my that's my intuition rights. Listen a concrete example, let's say you're, given opportunity to speak in front of a large audience and right away. You have this big strong, no don't want to do that, and so that intuition, or is that fear, and so let's break that down. We have components. We used to distinguish the differences, the two one of them is, if there is

strong emotional charge, your most likely not coming from intuition intuition usually happens when it's your very calm and you just going about your day and all of a sudden, you get an insight or a strong download about a certain direction or a certain action step to take in europe. four conversation, you need to have but there's a lot of emotional charge about it. Chances are it's coming from past baggage, maybe some speaking engagement in the past and it didn't go well or the. your first time getting out on that size of a stage in europe. You're standing nervous and so you're gonna have a lot of emotions at that stage, so the peace is looking at, ok is a huge emotional charge, and if so, how do I let myself get a little more com and I stay with the quest. no. If I want to do that, for speaking engagement or not, and just from calm place. What do I notice the second If there's a lot of story, a narrative when you a big emotional reactivity. So

if I'm getting on stage- and I have all these ideas about always is gonna- go terrible and theirs story about it. Chances are you coming from emotional reactivity from the past, will surely that's happened, everybody where something is presented to you, and it brings back stories from your past that were particularly nice and in things didn't go. Well then, so they're probably not going to go well in the future, and and so you pass on them and you're saying that's not your intuition, that's fear talking. it's not your intuition. Now. Let me give you something a little more nuanced here. I think experiences where you know. I've said yes to an opportunity like that, and I still felt fear yet it I could feel intuitively. It felt to put myself in that position. So, even though there was some fear still, there was understandable and reasonable. It will an overly charged. It was not a story about. It is a natural, normal feeling of nervousness, and yet what we

deeper than that and more real was oh. I need to be up there. I need to be doing that. I need to be stepping into that opportunity You know it's a bit scary. I can feel it's what needs to happen next It would seem to make sense that, at least for me, if I'm going to use my into wishing to make a decision I'm probably going to do it for small things, less so for bigger decisions, life changing decisions, because again I don't even know what intuition is really an and how you turn it on how you turn it off how you differentiated from other thoughts in your head, so it seems like a small decisions, may be less harm can come from it. You know it actually is very wise in the respect that a lot of people dont have a living relationship with their intuition actively in so three places we get stopped in living from our intuitive intelligence is number one. We don't know how to recognise our intuitive signals in queues.

Two. We dont trust what we feel, so we might actually be feeling something we just don't trust it tend to override it for what everyone else's deciding around us all What it says on the spreadsheet enough, missing our inner experience and then number three third place we get stuck, is we might know exactly what we need to do? We're just afraid take action were afraid. that conversation and put it into motion. So do. You think what you're saying is great, that you know it start small. When you learn a new instrument, you don't get up on stage right away and player instrument. You practice in your room and you practice Her scales, I think this MR with intuition, prank with some of the small decisions in your life could even pair with other people around you and say: hey, here's, this, said I'm getting what a what do you feel about this and you can actually practice that with trusted. Colleagues in and mentor is in your life, What do you do when the facts say? Yes and your intuition says no.

As this is the million dollar question so I tend to really pay attention to my inner signals in cues, like that, when I, strong, no or a yes about something. I think you gotta pay attention to it, override that immediately, because the data says this, and so I think it's Wouldn't you still do your due diligence in go a little bit deeper with the data, but the chances are? it might be. Oh, this is the decision, but it's the wrong timing. no. Maybe this is the right move to making our company, for example, but where little premature and we need it wait and get a little more data ourselves selves, and so I think, having a red light. That way as important to at least the pause but non reflect on it. Sleep, and even talk to some key stakeholders around you is well, could you spun specifically to the criticism, because I'd really like to hear what you have to say. As I've heard people say that intuition is not real. It's not a real thing. You can't

compare your intuition to my intuition. There's note: asked for that you can't really even tell me what intuition is and so using it to make big decisions is day, tourists, and so I I'd really like to get your response to that yeah. That's more of a traditional older view of intuition, and there was probably pretty common as of at least ten years ago. Been so much research with neuroscience even showing and functional mri is where, when we get there intuitions lights, up specific parts of our brain that, even different and insight the site is a little more mental Two is actually using both hemispheres of the brain or its using the emotional component, and the inn driven component as well, and so oh, here's, an example where you can measure it. That's a very practical, take sales, so working with

else people and actually teaching them intuitive skills to actually read out the relational space in things like body, language, energy, ex emotions what board not talking about in a sales conversation know how do you in with the need of the person in front of you, is a very valuable gift for sales. Nothing ever This person would agree and so imagine getting a train that in seeing metrics increase, sing people increase or conversion rates by three times what they were doing before intuitive training. So what's so great about sales, as you can actually track it and measure it, where it's a little more difficult, is around intuitive decision making, because really measure what I didn't decide to do. But there are definitely so we can see the effects of building who would have skills, and real results that short in the world. But you should be able to measure if, if people who's there intuition to make decisions, and it's such a great way to make decisions

is their decision making more right? people who don't use it. Here's where site here's! What the research shows is when you combine call analysis with intuitive decision making and letting you're letters conscious do the work, not just your linear thinking like we're talking about but dropping a level deeper into your subconscious? That's where you press information. Five four thousand times faster than just or conscious mine alone and so The research will show that, where they'll take the groups, for example, in the literally overwhelmed with data on purpose in the first group has to me this decision out of the two choices just right away with, First impression this group, gets three to five minutes to critically think using their analytical skills, and third group. They actually strict their cause, three rational mind so that their subconscious in the background goes to work,

the problem and they found with statistic- or significance. The third group always make the best decision, when their having time for their subconscious to do the work? So Why? When someone in your family might have said, if you have it, decision sleep on it. There is actually a lot of wisdom there, because you're conscious, mind is completely active in your door states and that's what you're connecting all the dots from the day, so that you can have a more holistic pitcher of what you're trying to address in your life great A rick snyder is my guest. He is author of a book called decisive, intuition, so rich. Seems that a lot of times, people you intuition in the moment it instant, it isn't sleeping on it. It's, for example, the elevator door opens and a guy gets in the elevator? That looks very shady and makes you nervous, so you get off the elevator, and you say your intuition told you to do that. There was no time for a lot of critical thinking. My

said, get off and I got off and that's what I think a lot of people view as intuition yeah Do you think that true like, for example, a lotta kids, when, when children feel weird around a stranger, somebody listened your kids, you know- and I think children are much more open to their intuition before them the rational mind any near the neo cortex really gets. You know, embedded later in life, with all our programming that we take on. So I think so. have a natural access that way, as do adults when you start to unlearn and used a brief and get more present tierce environment, but I think you gotta pay engine to those environmental queues, and here is the other side once again you're coming from impulsivity so That's where some people who say yeah, I'm a good guy. That's what I do. I make I make calls out of my gut, but a lot of times it's it's out of pulse in out of stress or emotional reactivity. Were you really pays to slow down and take a few breaths and release?

check in with okay is, is something that does two it or am I just reacting to the moment right now, but sometimes you don't have time to do that. There's no time to take a broad view. They get off the elevator now, because the doors are closing that there's no time to say, hang on everybody. I need to take some breaths and think about this and see if I should stay or go yeah you're right? So in some situations in life you don't have that luxury you're right and so that moment I air on my intuition. I've learned trust my signals in queues in those moments. When I mean that elevator and I don't feel comfortable our step out of the elevator, was risk of that right? so it would seem that people have different levels of intuitive ability, and so the question is: why is that wire? Why is someone's intuition better than someone else's intuition, seemingly and if you dont have a lot of intuitive ability, how do you get it and how do you know you got it yeah, so the first question? Yes, I

Do you think that some people have more natural talent when it to their intuitive gifts than others, and I am I think that everyone can learn the skill like any skill very much the same like if we take athletics, people are more naturally athletic than other people, and yet, if you practice You know your lay up, sir, if you practice, you know your shots in basketball every day, you're gonna get incrementally better if you practice every day. MR within with intuition, this is what were finding working with leaders in teams that they actually getting depressed. is there intuitive skills is something that was me sleep off the radar of most in organizations so far today, and so this is such an invisible edge for people who are poor, attention on slowing down, taking a breath tracking their inner signals in queues and learning how to engage with their intuitive intelligence. That way, and so yes, I do see we ve seen tat people protein. the more that they put attention on this scale, to develop.

And by and you do that by doing what and how do you know it's working yet so we have a sixty process in I'll just run. It really quick ear? So the first. is receptivity is even having your mind being open to the possibility of ok maybe there isn t, wish and let's at least be open to that possibility and maybe information could come toward me. I don't have to go, out there and seek everything in it Hunting direction, but I can actually, not my mind and let things towards me, because that's one, thinking about intuition. Is it come towards you. You don't find intuition it actually finds you when you relax, and so you have into a relaxed state The mind is sometimes really has furrowed brow and is really crunched in china narrow its vision. Instead, you have to have open receptive, mind is the first step, second step, The slowdown So now my mind is open. How do we actually slow down and get present to what my sperience is internally step

He is then, now that I've eliminated the outer distractions. I have to pay attention to the inner distractions and separate them. Of my inner critic from the voice of my intuition once that starts to get declared, let's say in your mouth, clear about your intuitive signals and cues the next it is then going deeper. Listening to my body and the idea is that the bodies wiser than the mind, start a tune into it. That's right, subconscious really lives and then, after that waste. We then ask a question. So let's say I'm facing a tough hiring decision at work or maybe the decision about my relationship and if it he was dead to me? Should I carry on or stay in it? That's right and asked. Question for guidance and then firstly, its about putting that answer into action, So when I do get an intuitive downloader spots, how do I put that into action in my life? Do you though, that often what happens is people say there

to wish and told them to do something when really it's just they were. Something, so they use that as a justification for getting it that they want to buy that expensive car and they say you know my intuition told me to do it when really there just using it as an excuse or they're using it to talk themselves into making that decision, because they really want it so. If you know this you're talking yourself into something and there's a lot of back and forth and lawyering, that's probably coming. We are critical might as private coming from your inner critic. You know: try. Dissuade you or why you should shouldn't do something or down all the doubt? That comes in it is one of the biggest obstacles intuition when I get intuitive downloads about something it's very clear, its clear its non dramatic there's, not a lot of story to it. not a lot of emotional charge. It's very like oh yeah. This person's right higher for our company and I still want to do my due diligence and do my background check and all those things, but I'm good.

We pay attention to that sense of clarity and flow in ease, and so, it's really when I'm in what I'm checking in with my intuition. That's what it feels like. It's not very loud necessarily are dramatic. Sometimes it spur, but it's a very clear, distinct feeling in one thing you do as check back to remember a time in your life when you huh strong sense about something that you didn't listen to and so One question I ask is how did that information come to you, and this is the first We started: detector intuitive language. Did you get, pictures and words did you get a feeling somewhere Did you get a visual? you get a sound. Did you hear some audio messaging get something in your dream state. So this a great weight is just start tracking. In hindsight, how you to the language, might speak to you so I want to get a better handle on this idea of intuitive downloads that you mentioned a couple times. and this idea that you said that intuition sometimes shows itself

by you know something, and you intuitively know it, and you don't know how you know it. You just know it and I don't think I really understand that exactly so. Can you give me an example of what that looks like ok I'll, give an example wegg. So I had a strong, intuitive download to go to france to write my book and That seemed really out of the unknown. I dont even speak french. Been a france, but I never had a pool necessary. To that too, that land, culture to live there, but I had a wrong, feeling that that's what needed to read my book and besides, I saw this image of being somewhat by the sea by the mediterranean, and so It was one of those things where I noticed that in that feeling did not go away and in fact It seemed to be one of the secret where every time I heard about france or read about it. Something else rick. In me, I will, I will awakened, set the right word:

something awoke in me electrically and everyone is confirmation, every time like well and it was- ITALY, it wasn't mexico. It was very clear, go to france to read this book and that's it What I did- and it was the most amazing apartment that I found that have admitted that had that sea view it was very spiralling to read my book and just to get of everything that I knew in the american culture at the time? Was very for they have a creative mindset into really start fresh and have a new perspective. So this really came from nowhere. I couldn't pick two one logical data point that would say go to france, I even set out loud, but I dont even speak french, but I knew from past experience that one Don't listen to these critical signals that are coming from a deep within. I regret it later. The consequences What this is really helpful, because everyone has felt what they link is their intuition at work and wonder you know what it is, and is this a good way to go and this really helps understand it better.

Rick Snyder has been my guest. The name of his book is decisive, intuition and find a linked to that book in the show notes thanks Pritchett being here great. Thank you proceeded too. when you think about the things that have changed and steered all of human history. You think of people and policy Ex disease natural disasters, what else whether these the things that have shaped our history and that story has laid out on this stage called earth. We generally think of our planet as a place where things happen, but what Winters thing is that the earth is actually an important character in the story of our history. The old we live on, has shaped a lot of what who and where we are today, explain how and why it's important to understand is Louis dart. Now louis's

professor of science communication at the university of westminster in the uk and he author of a book, called origins how the earth history shaped human history. I louis I, like q? I so much so dive right into an example of what you're talking about, because I think when people here, while the earth itself has had an impact on our history. It's hard to your stand. What exactly you mean? So, let's start with an example, if you could, for example, in it, a political problem and turned on the southern states of the united states of america. It's mostly republican voting area. Apart from the british thin blue curve of democrats. Voting counties and above arc corresponds with walks beneath people's feet, which eighty

million years old and then it is astonishing when you think about people. People voting for Hillary Clinton election of donald trump and have walked me, the feet was eighty in india is somehow we influencing the way the people that are more. Has happened here, miss particular global is through they mine of rocks at eighteen years from the cretaceous era of history, which would make whether it has been given a particularly the title which kind of oil which was realized making hundreds is very good at growing. Cotton unfortunate period of american history, hosting cotton plantations meant using slave labour. Even hundreds of years later, the civil war, freedom of slavery and the great distance tee

african americans today still live along. This quotation arc in the southern states see the people that unfortunately still suffer from socio economic problems of of poor education of low wages, people that therefore tend to vote for democrat ideals, rather than republican It is for this that chain of cause and effect through hundreds of years of human history, It is our planet's history, yeah great it's a perfect example of how of how the just being the earth influences politics in voting and in our history, so gimme, gimme, another one way, most of us for breakfast have a slice of toast or a bowl of cereal, and indeed we eat cereal plants as the staple of all of our meals that it's wheat and rice and maize

which in fact said the people around the world and also migrations throughout human history and bullshit behind this is that all those cereal crops off be heave of ground humans graph, just the same way that the council, the sheep goats, we leave out the path to do, but we we do how far from exhausted a cow was to boil down and eat, growth should not apply all breeze. The problem bobbin our stomachs. We ve invented things like the mills and the water wheel and cooking bat. brain interpret to help digest those nutrients, and the reason that we adopted the grasses to feed itself thousands of years ago with the growth in an ecological sense,

fast growing. It colonize an area of the force disappeared off to like a forest fire, and that puts all his energy into the grain that can eat and don't waste, building, wood or bulk. So we, our ancestors, hit upon the particular pawns to to domesticate. That would give us the most efficient use. The things we could eat and women venting agriculture and help me asking another way that the earth has played such an important role in the history of human beings. is how we use the earth's resources to build and how have done that over centuries and centuries, because the earth provides it provides. That's all it provides, and so humans have figured out ways to adapt. What the earth's resources are, build buildings in cities. So talk about that again civilization has been begin.

Underground to the rocks beneath our feet and then boiling them up involved, creates to in temple, temples and cathedrals and and all in all the walls and all and our houses, but not all rocks were created some from a better than others and so just a natural resources available to them. Stop debating what civilizations can build with foe mesopotamia

for example, the land between the rivers was the crucible of civilization. It was the the emergence, the first big cities and the emergence of civilization between the tigris and euphrates rivers, but had no natural rock to build with that. The civilization was literally built of the mud beneath the feet, they're going that the crops and- and if you look at the united kingdom, where, as you can probably tell from my accent I am from there- is a very diverse spread of different kinds of rocks from all different chapters of earth's history across the the british isles and the georgian. You could be reported anywhere in Britain, I kill boyne folder and just by looking at the buildings around, you have a pretty good idea. You are you. Are you recognize up? kind of stone, particular age and particular region of the country

So I can certainly understand how weather and climate have affected history, because it term in part where people live and where people don't live, but you Talk about how wind has been a particular player in our history, so explain how one of the most critical chapter in more modern history. With the age of exploration, when europe first started exploring out around the rest of the world I was trying to build trade routes to india undiscovered and using signal. The should stop commit together the confidence of the planets and waved it never happened before in history. in? All of this came down to what direction the wind blowing. How can I get from one place to another as easily as possible, and that is dictated by the

if the mental circulation currents in the atmosphere. If the circulating atmosphere that tates, where the wind blows and therefore way you can build your vaguely level. We have to build your ports and focuses on your colonies. and even looking at a at a modern ma today you can still see the telltale pattern of where things are. There was dictated by the by the wins in the early fifteen hundreds and give you one particular example of that. The reason that California was so critical in recent street and cities like both Angela, even sunday go in san francisco to weaken lifted. It were founded in the very first place in cuba is the only place you can get to crossing the pacific ocean from china following the winds dictated where people were handed with a ship and therefore what where region developed

with that: the cities and the civilization that was bringing and since we're on the subject of wind and therefore climate, one of them it's always interested me is your wife people settle where they settle? Why, people live where they live because there are some places you know because of floods or because of whatever reason seem like, like an odd place to choose to live, but nevertheless, people do not absolutely sick people settle down where very old and by that from farming or perhaps no maps pulling their herds of cattle across the step and, in fact, if we look at where the earliest, civilizations emerged on on honour a note of them

after the boy too long, the tectonic plates boundaries on the factors in the skin of upon it, and this in itself is a curious because play boundary. The weather Earthquakes were volcanoes. Why put people choose to that's all these unstable, dangerous locations and pick up example of mesopotamia which you mentioned earlier, the very cradle of civilization that plate boundary who created the ideal conditions for early agriculture. Who created the conditions for gently flooding. Rivers talked a lot of very fertile adamant that made farming three not because it was lying alongside a range of mountains and the weaker mountain range, of course, with backing down across the planet to create this land.

But civilisation itself emerged more effectively. A tectonic I still wonder why there are some places that are truly extreme in their climate there, either very hot or their very cold or there the very rainy and muddy or whatever it is, and yet people still choose to live there and wonderful why live there when there are seemingly nicer places to live Humanity has now spread the way around the world, people colonized live in it from desert to tropical mountains in arctic regions in the centre, was unable to do that. We will be most widely distributed. Animal species on the planet will incredibly adaptable. And then by birth and where we can support herself and settle down? I'm an effect that, because, when potent

We can use our tools and our technology to create artificial environments for ourselves, we wear clothes because we don't have, though, so we can live in both warm places and cold places. We've invented fire that helps us live in much colder places. We've invented farming and agriculture that can feed us and reliably, and it's probably happened- is that our intelligence was given to us by the unstable climactic conditions in the rift valley of east africa, where we evolved, we evolved to outs and con violence to be able to survive, joining environment and women? My great it out of the detroit heat of east africa took our intelligence with it, which enabled us to find a compromise with different ecosystems around a lot from the desert. The mountains tat the arctic regions would be wicked gaming carrying that product of the earth in our body

in our brains, which have enabled us species become become so so when you research this in in this mindset of you know how the earth impacts us and shapes our history and all, what's that, In saying that, in all the research you did you found, Just really fascinating, really particularly interesting that that people might not know this one fact needed he jumped out at me back when fightback, a few mike, how many metals do you think you ve got your person right now? maybe, but still, if you got a set of keys, maybe some aluminium you've got drinks can with you. Maybe some copper. If you have some coins light of different kinds of metals, how many

Do you think you have on your knee? In your pockets, when your body, for so I think, was a pretty good guess, that's exactly what I would have thought, but if you've got a phone in your pocket Smartphone. You actually have over thirty three zero different metals on your person. Why? Now on the baltic region give them. You wouldn't even recognize the name on the thing about atrium The problem that that exotic rare metals. I've got a particular combination of electronic properties that make them very good for making electric circuit album and particular making things the screen of them our final overnight, but it's the earth is gonna lose. My point of order iron and steel and lead and copper the would be through history we now using dobbin

dozens and dozens of these exotic technological metals, and many of these are what is or what is known as rare earth elements were metals and jupiter. Without that china is currently supplying over eighty percent of sheriff metals to everyone else around the world, and I have given them would be strong position when it comes to trade negotiations and a trade dispute. Perhaps with with the eu china. At the moment, it is being able to provide the rare earth elements. Most people in the world, won't even recognize the names of, but have become so critical to how a modern world works and then again it's that the geology has provided those rare earth elements, within China. Well, it's really fun and interesting to hear the individual stories of how the earth has played a role in our history, as you have outlined, but but in in a

picture way. What's the what's the big? So what here? Why should we care? What's the it's the overall impact of all of this, so I think way. But the reason I wrote this, but please I've, searched and wrote. Georgians, because I think when we, when we think about history, we mostly focus ass. He sat on great the people defining moment from defining battles, we focus on culture and sociology and psychology, and of course all those things on but knowing beneath all those other layers of explanation of the planetary layers, there's things about where the resources are available about the way that the atmosphere set clear level? Whether winds blew it's about where the mountain ranges orbit

and constrain when people move and can settle down. So I'm not saying that history for history is not important to talk of culture and society and economics. What I'm saying is that, beneath all of that, the bedrock of history, if you'll, if you'll, allow me the awful pun, the bedrock of history is the planet itself and I think that's been, overlooked, I'm in in recent years of history and I'm just trying to to redress that balance to to explore the planet as a key role in the human story alongside human himself, Well, it's not the normal way, we think about history, but when you start to think that way, yet it really is interesting. Louis, Nell has been my guest. Louis is a professor of science communication at the university of westminster in the uk, and his it is called origins how earths history shaped human history and. find a link to his book in the shone out. Thank you louis thanks for being here. Thank you very much

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